Yog Becoming More Than A Popular Exercise - 2207 Words

When most Americans picture yoga, they think of an old indian man sitting in a long robbed dress with his legs crossed in a posture that seems very uncomfortable, except peaceful for the majority of yoga professionals who are in healthy physical shape. Yoga is a system of exercises for attaining bodily or mental control and well-being. This may include the control of breathing, simple meditation, specific body movements and widely practice for relaxation and health. Yoga is becoming more of a popular exercise because it not only helps lose weight, but also helps gain flexibility and strength. Once yoga is practiced for a while, it not only proves that it is great for the body, it also proves how great it is for the mind. Many Americans are getting more involved with yoga because it is easy to do and the benefits are amazing. Yoga can be done anywhere, in the privacy of your own home where you follow it through videos on the television, or in a classroom with a certified instructor wh o teaches you the poses and the breathing techniques. The Columbia Journalism â€Å"Everybody loves yoga; sixteen and a half million Americans practice it regularly, and twenty-five million more say they will try it this year. If you’ve been awake and breathing air in the twenty-first century, you already know that this Hindu practice of health and spirituality has long ago moved on from the toe-ring set. Yoga is American; it has graced the cover of Time twice, acquired the approval of A-list

Essay on African theatre - 1586 Words

West African Theater Shreyang Prajapati Intermediate Theatre Period 3 09/12/13 African theatre is composed of live performances in which the action are carefully planned to give a powerful sense of drama through large actions and it comes from sub-Saharan Africa. African theatre is influenced by African dramatic traditions and Western theatre. The influence of Western styles originates from European presence, European education , and the artists training outside of Africa. The magnitude of foreign influence varies from country to country. This influence slowed the development of African theatre in Zimbabwe. For example, productions continued to exemplify Western theatre. The Afrocentricity in West Africa in†¦show more content†¦and Wole Soyinka. Ola and Wole spent many years as university playwrights/directors and their ability to stage their own works led them to have a strong theatric skill set. Wole Soyinka was a brilliant critic and satirist who was the first African to win the Nobel Prize for Literature in 86 was regarded as Africa’s best writer. His art reflects the difficulties facing an African playwright writing in English. He moved from naturalistic treatment of his subjects to the Yoruba view of subjects. His early satires The Trials of Brother Jero (1960) and Lion and the Jewel (1963) are popular with all English-speaking audiences. However the philosophical and verbal complexities in his later works are aimed at the select few. Death and the King’s Horseman (1975) and The Strong Breed (1963) are focused on the impact of cultural conflict. On the other hand, Soyinka’s political satires, such as Kongi’s Harvest (1965), are both raw and entertainment focused. A Dance of the Forests (1963) and The Road (1965) described the complicated dramatic paradoxes of African life through the Yoruba myths. Secondly, Soyinka criticized the myth of the glorious African past by rejecting the African concept that the revival of African culture has to come from African cultural heritage to be made for and performed to celebrate the Nigerian independence of October 1960. His drama became pessimistic after the civil war inShow MoreRelatedAfrican American Theatre And American Theater1902 Words   |  8 PagesAfrican-American Theatre has gone through exponential changes throughout the course of American history. They have made a push towards defining theatre for a whole of African-American culture. In doing so, African-American actors, directors, technicians, and theatre entrepreneurs strive to be the very best in their field and â€Å"create a true American theatre† (Miller 335). The theatre challenges thespians to hold onto their roots but branch out and mingle with the culture of today. The African-AmericanRead MoreTheatre As A Form Of Entertainment1460 Words   |  6 PagesTheatre is the activity or profession of acting in, producing, directing, or writing plays. Theatre is where playwrights produce plays, directors manage rehearsals and actors enact on stage. The coming together of all those components make up theatre, but there’s also a small piece missing. Theatre is complete when an audience comes together to experience the play. Theatre to many people is a form of entertainment. Just like no w a days people go to the movies to indulge in a form of amusement, that’sRead MoreFences, By Eileen J. Morris968 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Fences† is a theatre play run at Ensemble Theatre, located in Houston and it was written by August Wilson and directed by Eileen J. Morris. Fences is the African-American story of a black family trying to settle in the middle of the American Pittsburgh urban area in the 1950s. Wilson made special attention to the details of the time and brought them to the present, in a nice and original everyday production. Fences play starts on a Friday, when Troy and Bono go to Troy s house as usual for theirRead MoreAnalysis Of Paul Green Theatre At Detroit 67 And Took My Seat On Stage Right1732 Words   |  7 PagesWhen I walked into Paul Green Theatre to watch Detroit ‘67 and took my seat on stage right, my first thought was this story is going to be entirely depressing. The scene was a dingy living space of a family in the 1960’s with a cold concrete floor that served as a modest barrier between the stage and audience along with a dimly lit single room containing a couch and a record player in the front of the stage. I could almost feel the chilly aura being emitted from the concrete floor and poorly-paintedRead MoreInformative Outline on Nuclear Energy1257 Words   |  6 PagesTheatre Review Form ------------------------------------------------- Instructions ------------------------------------------------- 1. Your WOTA instructor will have provided you with details on the event and what they expect for proof of attendance. It would be a good idea to have this review form handy so that you know the questions you’ll be answering. Give yourself enough time to get seated and settled before the performance. ------------------------------------------------- 2. Do notRead MoreMexican Women in Mexican Revolution736 Words   |  3 Pagesit never took place. Eventhough, the injurious tragedy of events have not only been recorded in history books, but is an embeded trench in the memory in each mind of its survivors! In summary, I am reminded through Soldaderas that not only do African Americans have an enriching history of Kings, and Queens succumed by slavery resulting in a past that is rooted in shame. But, that every ethnic culture has a rich history that has experienced continual rape and molestation through the perpetuatorsRead MoreAnalysis Of I Will Point Out How Valerie Curtis Newton Directed Brothers ``1285 Words   |  6 Pagescomes to theatre as they are the artist who develop the characters, dialogue, theme, and the story of a play. However, playwriting is restricted to dialogue and stage directions so it is up to the director to have the artistic vision to transform the play script into a production. In this paper, I will point out how Valerie Curtis-Newton directed Sons, a play written by Oni Faida Lampley, with regards to the theatre size, actors, and different production aspects. Sons revolves around an African-AmericanRead MoreBiography Of Hairspray At Toby s Dinner Theatre1329 Words   |  6 PagesPrompt A The last play I went to was Hairspray at Toby’s Dinner Theatre in Columbia when I was 12.After reading the syllabus for class, I was very excited to see a theatrical performance especially at the age I am now because I’ll understand it more. I thought that the Bluest Eye was a beautiful, informative and expressive performance. I went in with an open mind because I didn’t know what to expect. After reading some Toni Morrison’s books which are filled with a imagery and surprises, I was veryRead MoreA Dance of the Forest4738 Words   |  19 PagesExistence: Myths and Rituals in Wole Soyinka’s Theatre Rosa Figueiredo, Polytecnic of Guarda, Portugal Abstract: The citation for Soyinka’s 1986 Nobel prize for literature reads: â€Å"Who in a wide cultural perspective and with poetic overtones, fashions the drama of existence†. The â€Å"wide cultural perspective† mentioned refers to the fact that Soyinka’s writings, especially the dramas for which he is best known, are at once deeply rooted in traditional African expressive and performance forms like mythsRead MoreProblems and Prospects of Theatre Entrepreneurship in the Nigerian Economy2129 Words   |  9 PagesPROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF THEATRE ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN THE NIGERIAN ECONOMY Afolabi Taiwo Okunola (Department of Theatre Film Arts, University of Jos, Nigeria) Abstract The business of theatre management is business of management. It is a culmination of the directive principles, canons and protocols governing theatre and management together to form a formidable team which thus makes a theatre entrepreneur. Being a theatre entrepreneur in Nigeria entails many dilemmas, challenges and hurdles. Thus

Wuthering Heights in Relation to Bronte’s Life Free Essays

Wuthering Heights Relation to Emily Bronte’s life Characterization: 1. Hindley- Bronte used the character of Hindley to represent her brother. Emily Bronte’s brother drank himself to death just as Hindley did. We will write a custom essay sample on Wuthering Heights in Relation to Bronte’s Life or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2. Edgar- When Catherine died, Edgar became exceedingly private and quiet. Edgar represents Emily Bronte’s own father. When Bronte’s mother died, her father followed the same pattern that Edgar did by secluding himself and becoming very quiet. 3. Catherine- Emily Bronte personifies her dislike for women’s position in society through Catherine’s love for Heathcliff. Because women are not listened to, Bronte represents herself as a man, Heathcliff, in order to be listened to. 4. Catherine’ Cold- Emily Bronte caught a cold at her brother’s funeral. Setting: †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Emily lived in an isolated area called Haworth in the West Riding area of Yorkshire. Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange both reflect the isolated area where she lived. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Because they were isolated socially by there geographical location, Emily and her siblings created fictional worlds. Emily and her sister Anne created Gondal which is a land of moors, and the world is reflected in moors surrounding the two houses. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Wuthering Heights literally means stormy heights. Emily’s life had many hardships or â€Å"storms† throughout her life, such as, her brother’s alcoholism and some of her family dying from tuberculosis. †¢   Ã‚  Ã‚   Emily was home schooled because she easily became homesick when away at normal schools. This can be seen through young Catherine because Catherine is home schooled and not aloud to see the outside world without her father’s supervision. Mood: I. Tragic A. Death in Wuthering Heights B. Death during Emily’s lifetime C. Tuberculosis-caused death of characters D. Tuberculosis-caused death of family E. Drunkeness of Hindley Earnshaw F. Drunkeness of Bronte’s brother II. Isolated 1. Cathy and her father 2. Bronte and her father 3. Characters and their reading 4. Emily and her reading Tone: 1. Defiant tone: Book: Catherine is naughty, does not behave. She is against society â€Å"They both promised fair to grow up as rude as savages†¦ † (46, chapter 6). She also believed she could do what she wanted. †¦ if I marry Linton I can aid Heathcliff to rise, and place him out of my brother’s power† (82, chapter 9). Life: Emily was persistent in her goals and beliefs. She and her sisters attempted to open a school, but it failed because of isolation. Before setting the school up she attended an academy to finish studying French and German. In addition, the three sisters published their wo rks under false names because women writers were discriminated against during the time. 2. Humorous tone: Book: Both Catherine and Cathy have a â€Å"humorous tone† in some scenes. The two have the tendency to not take everything seriously all of the time. â€Å"Her spirits were always at high-water mark, her tongue always going-singing, laughing, and plaguing everybody who would not do the same† (42, chapter 5). Cathy has a joyful mood in many instances; the first talking about the Crags. Life: Emily had two imaginary worlds, although she broke off from the first when she was 13 (Angria) The second one, Gondal, she kept on with until she died. 3. Dark, depressing tone: Both Emily’s life and the novel are filled with the â€Å"dark† tone. Death is consistent and parallels with one another. Structure: Symbolism: The cold dark kitchen that is described at the beginning of the book is a symbol of the hatred Emily had for the woman’s â€Å"station† that is symbolized by a kitchen. Heathcliffs starving of himself symbolizes his hunger for life, and in his case his life is Catherine. This relates to Bronte through her own hunger for greater experiences, love, and happiness. She was also anorexic, so heathcliffs physical starvation relates to her own. How to cite Wuthering Heights in Relation to Bronte’s Life, Essay examples

Leadership approach of Martin Luther King

Question: Discuss about the Leadership approach of Martin Luther King. Answer: Introduction: Leadership is one of the most critical dimensions of an organisation that tends to manage the resource utilisation and governs the manpower to achieve the organisational objectives. Of note, there exist several factors that have the potential to shape the leaders. The important factors in this consideration include ethics, social responsibility, stakeholders perspective, and the perseverance of society (Christensen, Mackey, Whetten, 2014). The first lesion from leadership of Dr. King, one must have total commitment to the causes. Taking reference of Martin Luther King, leader must value the process, people, and the mechanism with which the work procedure is managed for an efficient outcome (Voegtlin, Patzer Scherer, 2012). As a leader, Dr. King had the ability to recognise individual employees capabilities, motive them for the acquisition of knowledge, to focus on risk identification, and offering sustainable opportunities to the employee for resigning their competency level. The corporate social responsibility is another fundamental element of leadership trait that is reflective of the visionary approach and decision making. Kings effort for supporting civil rights, movement against racial discrimination, and dismantling segregation are reflective of these facts (Chappell, 2014). His ethical approach is reflective with this speech, where he seeks equalities for white and Negros. There are those who are asking the devotees of civil rights, When will you be satisfied? We can never be satisfied as long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality. Likewise for corporate social responsibility, he call people to act in accord with their highest values during the civil right movements. His action for inclusive change for the disadvantaged African-Americans is reflective of such action where he advocated equal opportunity for school, corporate and social values. Leadership lessons from Dr. Kings apprach clearly indicates about what is required for the organisational success and what approach must be adopted for bringing effectiveness, can be learned with Kings speech, I had a dream rationalise this leadership approach (Crawford, 2013). Factors like cost effectiveness, timeliness management, resource procurement and purchase, market analysis, and highlighting the facts with evidence are common practices that can be managed with decision making. These lessons can be learned with leadership lesson from Dr. King in which he dictated that disrupting the status quo is indeed required for managing change (Crawford, 2013). The perspective of society can also be implemented to the work practices with a similar notation in which listening to people (inside and outside to organisation), anticipating the change required in the market, and designing core synergy that can have a positive impact on the environment as well as society. Overall, with the definite prospect of managing people, it apparently becomes possible for a Dr. King to achieve objectives and maintain a good public image as a leader. Leadership Approach The leaders must have an integrated work approach that must be widespread of dimensions like regulation, marketing prospect, market force analysis, technological implementation, social attitude shifting, economic turbulence, and use of information technology. In particular, Dr. Kings approach of implementation include a provision like evidence-based practice which further is evidenced to process in the form of shared decision making. The rationale behind these measures is to manage negotiation, accuracy in decision making, and making a balance for individual values. Dr. King uses both motivational tools as well as utilisation of evaluation provision to maintain the effectiveness of work procedure (Eisenbei Brodbeck, 2014). In order to manage the continuity of workflow, Dr. King use to communicate the change widely and then attempts to remove the obstacles with empowerment of people to act. Dr. King also tends to interpret the signs of employee and weigh the risk, and uses motivational tools to reward and encouraging people to bring more innovation (Crawford, 2013). The most common practice of leadership that can overcome the challenges of inefficiency includes the development of followers and strengthening the teamwork by the empowerment of individual employment. His followers have the dignity and freedom for their spirits. Likewise, Dr. King group also have the thought that self-centred men will torn down, whereas other-cantered men will build themselves up. With these actions, he bridged the communication gap, which separates the struggling people from being ruled by insensitive and greedy masters (Verbos Humphries, 2014). Dr. King use to build mutual beneficial alliance with local ministers and community representatives which reflect above statements. Similarly, according to Dr. King, it is very essential to identify the risk and weigh them, such that resolution of conflict and any issue related to work can be managed in time. (Christensen, Mackey, Whetten, 2014). The factors that help Dr. King to manage change include approach of the positive emotional attractor, ensuring people for support, using repetition to bring excellence, and applying for after-action reviews like feedback and survey outcomes (Verbos Humphries, 2014). Note that while managing cultural diversity, especially in a team where members are from the diverse cultural (racial) background, Dr. King maintain accurate communication, interaction, and motivational tools (Harvey, Parry Vorbach, 2014). References: Chappell, D. L. (2014). Waking from the Dream: The Struggle for Civil Rights in the Shadow of Martin Luther King, Jr. Random House. Christensen, L. J., Mackey, A., Whetten, D. (2014). Taking responsibility for corporate social responsibility: The role of leaders in creating, implementing, sustaining, or avoiding socially responsible firm behaviors. The Academy of Management Perspectives, 28(2), 164-178. Crawford, V. L. (2013). " In an Inescapable Network of Mutuality": Martin Luther King, Jr. and the Globalization of an Ethical Ideal. L. V. Baldwin, P. R. Dekar (Eds.). Wipf and Stock Publishers. Eisenbei, S. A., Brodbeck, F. (2014). Ethical and unethical leadership: A cross-cultural and cross-sectoral analysis. Journal of Business Ethics, 122(2), 343-359. Harvey, W. S., Parry, S., Vorbach, P. (2014). Managing Leadership and Cultural Change at Beak and Johnston: A Work in Progress. Global Business and Organizational Excellence, 33(6), 43-50. Miska, C., Hilbe, C., Mayer, S. (2014). Reconciling different views on responsible leadership: A rationality-based approach. Journal of Business Ethics, 125(2), 349-360. Verbos, A. K., Humphries, M. (2014). A native American relational ethic: an indigenous perspective on teaching human responsibility. Journal of Business Ethics, 123(1), 1-9. Voegtlin, C., Patzer, M., Scherer, A. G. (2012). Responsible leadership in global business: A new approach to leadership and its multi-level outcomes. Journal of Business Ethics, 105(1), 1-16. Waldman, D. A., Balven, R. M. (2014). Responsible leadership: Theoretical issues and research directions. The Academy of Management Perspectives, 28(3), 224-234.

Speech on light Essay Example

Speech on light Paper Im also here to show you how this sighting (hold up Energy Saving bulb) can save lives and save you some pocket change. Change that you can use to get some Pages lunch instead of a patty, or go to Club Privilege instead of Street WBI Thursdays. I believe most of you have already come to hear of the term Climate Change. If I ask around the room I am sure to hear responses such as melting ice caps or the world getting hotter. Both very correct. The couple who lives to the front of me have now air-conditioned their entire house. We will write a custom essay sample on Speech on light specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Speech on light specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Speech on light specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer If we come to the University of the West Indies, your place to shine- and the lassoer lacks the cold air we will all question that tagging as one cannot shine unless they are comfortable to. Human beings are allowed and expected to feel uncomfortable when we have to live in abnormal conditions. It is in this same way that other Biodiversity- that is plants and animals cannot survive under extreme changes in their environment. They will do Just like us, migrate or die. What will happen to us then? The Climate Change phenomenon all begins with a rise of Greenhouse Gases in the atmosphere. Carbon Dioxide is one of the major Greenhouse Gases that is emitted when anything is burnt. Now Greenhouse Gases is a term that many of us have known or have heard before but let me tell you exactly how they got this name. A greenhouse is a building with glass walls and a roof that is used for the germination and exhibition of plants. No, Carbon Dioxide never grew leaves nor produced the glass that makes such a building. Instead when this and the other gases rise they have a similar effect on the globe, wrapping us all into a nice warm blanket that helps to preserve the heat in the environment; like a Greenhouse does for plants. The problem is that too many of these gases are now being emitted, his heats up the globe and causes many a problem for all life on earth especially Small Island Developing States (KIDS) such as Jamaica and most of the Caribbean. Because we are low-lying, the exact occurrence that took place in Port Royal years ago can happen to this entire country, we CAN sink. Think then of this (show lightly) as your very sexy lifeguard. Herbert Thomas, Director of Resource Management at the Water Resources Authority said that the Jamaican society is seeing increased environmental changes that can be linked to Climate Change. He named a case in mint to be the recently concluded drought season in Jamaica that affected many farmers in the area and the nightly water restrictions by the National Water Commission. What about increased rainfall? Susceptibility to Natural Disasters? Things that are currently happening right before our eyes! According to a contributed article to the Gleaner in April 2006, the main industries that contribute to air pollution in Jamaica are bauxite, alumina, electricity and steam production, cement Ana Lime maturating, chemical processing Ana petroleum rearing . Effluent Trot hose industries effect in rising Carbon Dioxide and other Greenhouse Gas emissions in the environment. This is bad, very bad- but yet again, my Light Bulb can also save this. Let me see the hands of those who have their own car? Those who have more than two vehicles in a household less than five? If I have to get to a am class on a morning I have to leave my home right there in Mona, a half hour in advance because of the morning traffic. The same Gleaner article also states that the rapid rise of automobiles especially in the Kingston Metropolitan Area, effects negatively on air laity that, by extension contributes to the Advanced Greenhouse Effect- which makes the globe essentially hotter! Guess what? My Lightly is specially trained to help with this also! Now it wont be very fair of me to preach about all these bad Climate-change causing practices being done in the Jamaican society and not highlight the positive stuff. Firstly it is very commendable for me to note that many educational institutions especially those with dwelling provisions such as the II, some business places and homes have solar powered heaters. Back home in Trinidad o get lots of trouble with the electricity authority to obtain that. Next it is evident that lots of schools have and are starting recycling programs. Lastly and most importantly Environmental Health has now been accepted into the schools curriculum and it identified by many as a matter in need of urgent attention. Now that we understand the logistics of the Climate Change phenomenon and we all probably think that it is all way over our heads to do anything about it; Im going to bring back my gorgeous lightly that I had previously introduced to you. Picture this s an affordable and easy way to reduce Climate Change; the boot that allows us to kick the habit of Carbon Dioxide in our air. Now, as Caribbean people, I know that if I ask you to buy and use something, you will bombard me with reasons why you should not do so. Because of this, I will let you know upfront some of the reasons people give for not buying or using the Energy Saving lightly and address them as far as I can. Ill begin with the issue of cost. This bulb (hold up SEES lightly) costs a minimum of $50 JDK more than its traditional contender (hold up traditional bulb). But I must call to mind here the ever popular saying cheap thing nah good! Even though the initial cost is higher, The Lighting Association of America assures you that you will save lots of pocket change in the long run. 75% of the energy that is burned with the traditional bulb will be saved with the Energy Saving one. This does so whilst producing the same amount of light and cutting a whopping EH per year on your electricity bill! Not only that, but you wont have to be replacing bulbs as often as in the past as these bulbs lasts on an average 6-15 years depending on choice of dotage and brand. Lunch at Pages- can you hear me? Im coming! I can now afford it. A friend of mine kindly provided me with another Im not buying this bulb excuse. She said that this bulb cannot fit on her dimmers nor does it come in different colors to brighten up her home. There is some truth to that. According to inarticulatenesss. Com when the bulb was first brought out, it did not look like a traditional bulb- I believe it took a long cylindrical shape- and ewe, which fancy homemaker will want that in their home? Guess what though? This same website tastes that the more recent bulbs come in almost every shape, fixture and color as the traditional ones. Now even the fancy homemakers can save and treat themselves too inlet out at ten cloud! Concern under 3 Ana 4 was Drought up Dye Auntie Doors, my Jamaican neighbor who lives across from me. Where do I get that? She asked. Fantastic question indeed! These bulbs are available in mini marts, supermarkets and hardware stores all over Kingston and on the I-Kiwis campus. The next issue by Aunt Doris met with her saying: I know those lights! They are not good for the eyes. This misconception is addressed quite nicely by the Lighting Association of America. Energy Saving Secrets did admit that in the past when attached to dimmers the bulbs did flicker, but all that has changed now. The Lighting Association actually recommends their use as they produce less heat and takes a total of 60 seconds to warm up to 60% of their brightness. According to them these bulbs are the best choices for confined areas such as childrens rooms, study areas and so forth. Now as I have addressed the main concerns that surround this magnificent bulb, I will asses a small question that came to my mind in considering its use. After reading about the dangers of mercury poisoning and acknowledging the fact that broken lightships are a main source for this, I was quite concerned about the level of mercury used in this bulb after remembering being told in school that these primitive cylindrical lightships in particular were poisonous. I told myself, one light bulb cannot be this great- whats the downside? It turns out that one lightly CAN be this great! The energy efficient lightly contains an average of 4 milliards of recurs, which is LESS than the traditional one. It is evident however that in disposal or accident, bulbs may get broken. The Jamaican society does not yet consist of any well known organizations that recycle lightships. It is recommended then, for disposal purposes, that the used lightly is wrapped in two plastic bags securing either side and placed in the garbage for collection. There are also specific clean-up steps to follow if a lightly breaks in your home/ office etc. This is available on the Energy Star website. I know that you are constantly told to do all kinds of hard and UT-of-the-way stuff to save the environment. People say to construct a windmill in your backyard or to turn off the Air Conditioning at home and at work. They advise you to recycle all your paper, plastic, glass, aluminum, tin, tires, metal, grass And the list goes on. I am here to tell you that these things are great and should infant all be done if you can. I am not an environmentalist, but a person Just like you who has an avid interest in the matter. My knowledge qualifies me to advise you to use the Energy Efficient lightly. At II I do Social Marketing, a field that preaches Self Efficacy. In other words how can one perform an action if they dont know how to do it or possess the nearness by which to do it? In this regard, I guarantee that you will all leave here with at one Energy Saving lightly each. This is an incentive for those who already started to continue its use and for the first- timers to try it out and by all nearness- get addicted We all did. After all, it is a simple and effortless way to save the world and send you skip-to-my-lounging to the cinema, big shot restaurants and all the stores in the world. By all nearness- spree yourselves, you can now afford it.

Ridley Scotts landmark noir science fiction classic Blade Runner Essay Example

Ridley Scotts landmark noir science fiction classic Blade Runner Essay Example Ridley Scotts landmark noir science fiction classic Blade Runner Essay Ridley Scotts landmark noir science fiction classic Blade Runner Essay Essay Topic: The Haunting Of Hill House Ridley Scotts landmark noir science fiction classic Blade Runner (1982) is a showcase of effective construction of mood through a combination of key on-screen imagery, including unique mise-en-scà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ne, and elements of the films soundtrack. Each element is not only effective in its own right, but also contributes to the films themes, most notably its exploration of immortality and what it means to be human. Scotts adaptation of Philip K Dicks short story Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? into Blade Runner was uncompromising in its commitment to exploring difficult existential questions about the essence of humanity and individual identity, using the unique advantages that the medium of film provides. Blade Runner follows the struggle of a group of replicants, or artificial human beings, to find and meet with their creator in order to ask for more life, as their leader (Batty) puts it, because their life spans are limited to four years by design. The replicants are neither pleased by this limitation, nor their status as slaves to the human race, and stage a bloody offworld revolt which leads to their presence being banned on Earth, on penalty of death. Despite the risk, four replicants journey to Earth and resort to violence in their quest to find Dr. Eldon Tyrell, an artificial intelligence genius who designed the replicants and presides, albeit reclusively, over the Tyrell Corporati on from his penthouse perch atop a pyramid. A Blade Runner named Deckard is enlisted to come out of retirement to himself retire, a euphenism for kill, the wayward replicants. Over the course of the film, Deckard falls in love with Rachael, Tyrells niece, who is a replicant but is unaware of it. In a mind-bending existential twist, the films conclusion suggests that Deckard may himself be a replicant. Scott borrows heavily from the stylistic tradition of American noir films of the 1940s and 1950s to provide the mise-en-scà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ne for the story. Set in Los Angeles in the year 2019, the film depicts a thoroughly depressing, congested, urban environment in which the city and its citizens are literally soaked with deluge of never-ending acid rain, absurd gigantic commercial advertisements (including a dark satire of Coca-Cola), another poster ironically advertised the tagline: MAN HAS MADE HIS MATCH NOW ITS HIS PROBLEM. There is also the influence of the Japanese, who appear to have taken over the majority of the city. In an interesting choice, Scott hired electronic musician Vangelis to compose a dark, futuristic soundtrack for Blade Runner. Vangelis score was performed almost entirely on synthesizers, which was a departure from traditional film scoring methodology and which resulted in futuristic sound with 19th century influences. Of particular note is the extremely dramatic music underlying the opening of the film, setting a tone which is both noir and futuristic at the same time no small feat. Reportedly, Frederic Chopins trademark melancholy nocturnes inspired Vangelis; this music was a major influence in setting the tone of the film from the opening to the closing scenes. Chopins influence can also be heard in the music that replicant Rachael plays on her piano during the film, possibly suggesting that organic music, such as the piano, is more human than synthesizer music. Vangelis score further illustrates its innovative skill during a scene in which Deckard chases and kills one of the rep licants, Zhora, by shooting her in the back, the vivid image of her clear plastic mackintosh covered in blood evokes feeling of shock and horror as this is the first time you see replicants blood, thus affirming their humanity. Vangelis contrapuntal orchestration, combined with an almost overloud haunting saxophone solo, contributes to the tension of this disturbing execution sequence. The existential questions of the story, most notably what it means to be human, what distinguishes replicants from humans, are reinforced by Scotts savvy use of symbolic visual elements. Part of the answer suggested in Blade Runner is that these questions are heavily dependent on point of view and the experience of visual memory. Scott reinforces these notions through the repeated use of an eye motif throughout almost every element of the films mise-en-scà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ne, indicating that our perception and inner construction of reality is dependent on what and how we see. The films opening shows a giant eye; the replicants eyes are often showed glowing; the test employed to distinguish replicant from human (the Voight-Kampff test), is partially dependent on eye movement and the scenes depicting this test are layered with extreme close-ups of the replicants eyes; the replicant owl owned by Tyrell has wary blood red eyes; and Tyrell himself wears huge, thick glasses suggesting his both l iteral and metaphysical myopia and disconnect from both reality and the humanity of his own creations. Lastly, replicant Batty, who is the last replicant to die at the films end, delivers a moving speech telling Deckard of the wonders his eyes have seen, the vivid memories of which will be needlessly lost liketearsin rain to eternity upon his death. Collectively, the omnipresence of eyes, symbolically and literally, contributes to a sense of paranoia, a world constantly under surveillance; Scott cleverly highlights this theme by the use of ever-present searchlights throughout the film, only Tyrells penthouse has the luxury of escaping this constant surveillance. However, any viewer of Blade Runner must be wary; Scott goes out of his way to illustrate that vision doesnt necessarily guarantee certainty and truth for the viewer. Scott employs many simulations or fakes photographs, memory implants within replicants, artificial animals, and of course, the replicants themselves, which are simulated humans. Of course, Blade Runner leaves us to ponder whether or not the replicants are more human than their masters, with their simple desire to be free to live and be masters of their own destinies. This is contrasted with Deckards inhuman mission to kill them, and Tyrells chilling attempt to convince the replicants to simply revel in your time instead of fighting their own mortality. The irony, of course, is that humans fight the inevitable in the same futile ways; their creator, whoever it/she/he may be, has simply programmed a longer lifespan into humanity but death is as much a certainty for humans as it is replicants. Threading the motif of the e ye through to its tragic conclusion, Scott depicts a horrific scene in which Batty shatters Tyrells glasses and gouges out his eyes as revenge for the existential horror Tyrell has fated for the replicants. Scott explores some of the most profound questions of our time our search for our creator, our mortality, what it means to be human, and whether simply accumulating experiences and memories is enough to create a soul, whether human or replicant. He is hardly the first filmmaker or auteur to do so, but what is unique about Blade Runner is how Scott brilliantly utilizes both visual and auditory components to explore these themes.

(book) norwegian wood by HARUKI MURAKAMI Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

(book) norwegian wood by HARUKI MURAKAMI - Essay Example The sensitive portrayal of the Japanese youth who were caught in the web of contrasting culture of the East and the West, has turned into a universal appeal for understanding. The protagonist of the novel is Toru Wantabe who becomes nostalgic about his student days when he hears his favourite Beatle song ‘Norwegian Wood’ while travelling on the plane. The book is his flashback into his student life while he was studying in the University of Tokyo. The protagonist, throughout his recollection, has maintained a tender spot for the love of his life and at the same time his encounters with death, in the form of suicide have forced him to contemplate the wider meaning of life. The author has seemingly used death as a reconciliatory medium as well as that of alienation so much so that it has almost become a second theme of the novel. The book is a subtle love story of Toru and Naoko who are probably caught by circumstances into a relationship. Naoko was the girlfriend of Toru’s best friend, Kizuku. After Kizuku commits suicide at the age of 17, Naoko is lost in grief and subsequently, loses touch with Toru. They meet each other after a year in Tokyo where both of them, have gone to study. They are drawn towards each other through their common friend, who is dead. Each of them want to keep in contact because it brings them closer to Kizuku, who is more alive than dead, in the memories of the two characters. The inability of the characters to move away from the past is the bond that ultimately becomes the main cause of their separation. Though initially, Toru befriends Naoko because she was a link with his best friend but later, his feelings change into love or so he thinks. The author has used the protagonist to represent the contemporary youth who are shy to proclaim their love but are least hesitant to experiment with sex on a casual and

Reflection on Technology in Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Reflection on Technology in Education - Essay Example But what if the facilitator of the class does not have the ability and skills of using these technological equipments Of course there will be a problem and it may affect the teaching sessions as it goes on. The knowledge and skills of the educator regarding the subject matter is much appreciated but most probably if he is going to use equipments in teaching, assurance that he can facilitate everything that happens inside the classroom. Skills upon using such tools are very important. There will be a big failure in teaching without the knowledge of using it. Schools of Education for Teachers include in their curriculums the disciplines that serve as the training ground so that their would-be-teachers will have a stand on their own in the future as they use these tools for teaching. There is the Educational Technology which is 3 units, where soon to be teachers are taught of how to use these equipments and also the proper ways of using them practically and of course on the main event of teaching. They undergo trainings and evaluation if they follow the instructions and can well manage their selves alone. There are so many product of the new technology that has been improvised for learning purposes, and also it awakens the student's attention because of this visual material shown for example in the PowerPoint presentation through the use of computer or by the picture projected on the over head projector on screen. Some schools are providing their students their own computer to be use when inside the classroom. Universities provides their own internet access centers for their pupils to have an instant access on the web for educational explorations only and some internet libraries. The modern technology is very significant, especially in terms of providing current information and serves as the medium for communication. It is therefore necessary to integrate information and communication technology into general school education as a whole in order to ensure an all round education of up-to-date standard, especially in grade 3 and 4 for 13 to 14 year old pupils. The basic aspects of information and communication technology must be incorporated in all areas of 3rd and 4th grade curriculum (Stockhammer, 1992). The strength of technology is often quick implemented into solutions. The author feels that there should not be unscrupulous use of technology. The quality of use of the computer tools is decided by which aspects are emphasized, and what pedagogical relevance they have. Sensible use of technology for tasks related to grade level and computer need to be used as tool to enhance a particular subject. Multi-disciplinary possibility of technology application includes writing, documenting, calculating, constructing and visualizing work. The pedagogical principle of learning can be followed by the practical use of hardware and software in schools, which will help create a favorable climate for reflections on one's practical experiences and relating it to theoretical foundations thereof (Stockhammer, 1992). The digital generation gap have the teacher struggle with the basics, while kids growing up in a tech savvy world can learn application with ease. This digital generation gap calls for on the job training of teachers in technology. The present obstacle to implementation of

Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

Leadership - Essay Example Charge of the country was seized through a military coup. Initially, he had a lot of support from the public due to: Mr. Mushharaf was able to retain control and win international support through his support of the American war on terror and the subsequent attacks on Afghanistan & Iraq. The various catastrophes facing the country helped him in retaining power for almost eight years, after which he lost public as well as international support and made the decision to step down. The current President of Pakistan assumed the leadership of the largest political party, the Peoples Party, shortly after the assassination of his wife Ms. Benazir Bhutto. Capitalizing on the public sympathy, he led the party into winning election of 2008 and appointed their Prime Minister. Shortly after that, he won elections and became the president of the country. The situational factors that led him to take up the leadership role were: Mr. Asif Zardari, despite his bad reputation, is now in power and can be seen visiting various countries in the world to get international support and help to ward of the current crises of the rising world food prices, currency losing value and near default economic

Non-orthogonal Multiple Access and Massive MIMO

Non-orthogonal Multiple Access and Massive MIMO Non-orthogonal Multiple Access and Massive MIMO for Improved Spectrum Efficiency To cope with the expected 1000x increase in mobile traffic over the next 10 years, key requirements are making more efficient use of the available frequency spectrum, increasing network speeds and opening-up more of the frequency spectrum for wireless applications. OFDMA used by LTE, etc., is being extended and superposition of signals for multiple users using a new power domain are being investigated as methods for increasing spectrum efficiency. In addition, high-directivity adaptive antennas with 100 or more elements offering good compatibility with higher frequencies, interference suppression, and simultaneous multi-user access are other potential ways to improve spectrum efficiency. This paper examines 5G wireless access systems and outlines non-orthogonal access and MIMO technologies along with some issues to resolve. 1 Introduction Next-generation 5G access systems are being investigated as a solution to the explosive increase (a factor of 1000x compared to 2010) in wireless data traffic forecast for the 2020s and the rapid appearance of various new. Three approaches are being taken towards supporting these huge traffic increases: making more efficient use of available frequencies, increasing network speeds, and opening-up new frequency bands. Making more efficient use of available frequencies is closely related to speeding-up the physical layer for multi-access and wireless access technologies. For example, increases of from 2.5 to 10 times have been proposed as targets for increasing the efficiency of 5G frequencies. Conventional mobile communications systems are moving towards faster digital wireless technologies based on advances in semiconductor devices as described below. The first generation (1G) used Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), the second generation (2G) used Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), the third generation (3G) is using Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), and the 3.9G and fourth (4G) generations are using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) supporting efficient frequency usage and good resistance to fading. The proposals for 5G systems aim to increase spectrum efficiency even further by speeding-up existing technologies, using newly opened frequency bands, and increasing network density, and support for the expected required conditions is being examined. The non-orthogonal multiple-access (NOMA) and higher-order multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) technologies described in this paper require huge processing power to implement these functio ns, which will be difficult to achieve using the performance of conventional semiconductor devices. Rapid developments in CPU processing power are expected to be a key element in deployment of 5G services. This paper describes the principles of each method related to these technologies and the problems to be resolved. 2 Non-orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) Multiple access is a basic function of cellular systems, which are usually divided into two types: orthogonal and non-orthogonal. In orthogonal access systems such as TDMA, FDMA, and OFDMA, signals for different users are orthogonal to each other. On the other hand, in non-orthogonal access systems, such as CDMA, TCMA (Trellis Coded Multiple Access), IDMA (Interleave Division Multiple Access), the cross-correlation of signals for different users is not 0. The commonly used NOMA incorporates the above-described non-orthogonal multiple access but this section discusses a specified NOMA implementation for 5G systems. NOMA under discussion for 5G systems has a new extension of the user multiplex domain to improve the spectrum efficiency. Intentionally introducing non-orthogonality aims to increase the spectrum efficiency further. As a result, technologies such as new encodings and an interference canceler are required to correct the non-orthogonality, which has been considered difficult to implement until now. However, development is pushing forward with the expectation of introduction as key 5G technology following recent remarkable improvements in CPU performance. NOMA can be classified into three different user multiplex domains: NOMA with SIC (Successive Interference Canceler)/SOMA (Semi-orthogonal Multiple Access), SCMA (Sparse Code Multiple Access), and IDMA (Interleave Division Multiple Access). In addition to the conventional frequency and time domains, these schemes aim to increase the spectrum efficiency by multiplexing the user in the power domain for NOMA with SIC/SOMA, in the power and code domains for SCMA, and in the code domain for IDMA. The follow sections explain the characteristics and principles of each of these schemes. 2.1 NOMA with SIC/SOMA NOMA with SIC (NOMA hereafter)/SOMA expands the radio resource allocation for the frequency and time domains used by LTE, etc. By superposing multiple user signals using the new power domain, it becomes possible to increase the spectrum efficiency even further and to increase the throughput. The NOMA and SOMA methods both make positive use of power and loss differences by modulation processing and multiplexing. Multiple users in the power domain are superposed at the symbol level. This method uses SIC, turbo code, and Low Density Parity Check Code (LDPC) at the receiver side to separate superposed users. The bit rate per 1 Hz for each user at this time (at superposition coding) is expressed by Eq. (1). User 2 with high channel gain is assigned the lower power P2 and the user with the low channel gain is assigned the higher power P1 to improve the average throughput for all users, resulting in improved spectrum efficiency. Figure 4 shows the throughput characteristics for both NOMA and Orthogonal Multiple Access (OMA) when there is a 20 dB difference in the receiver power levels; NOMA is characterized by an improvement of up to 2 bits/s/Hz compared to OMA. The difference between NOMA and SOMA is the symbol constellation. The post-superposition symbol constellation mappings are divided into NOMA with SIC without Gray- Mapping and SOMA with GrayMapping. Both methods are now being investigated in 3GPP Release13 RAN1 TSG as a Multi User Superposition Transmitter (MUST). For simplicity these methods are commonly both described as NOMA. 2.2 SCMA SCMA is a relatively new wireless multi-access method proposed in . It avoids the QAM symbol mapping used by conventional CDMA coding technologies and implements the binary data by coding it directly into multi-dimensional code words. Figure 5 shows the SCMA encoder block diagram. The figure shows a schematic of the SCMA encoder when there are four physical resources and four codewords in SCMA code book. Each user or layer assigns the binary data output from the FEC encoder directly to the complex codeword (physical resources dimensions) according to the predefined spreading code of the SCMA codebook. Additionally, multi-user connections are implemented by assigning a different unique code book to each user or layer. Table 2 shows an example of a codebook for six users or layers. As shown in Table 2, a message passing algorithm14) is used because the SCMA codebook contains sparse code words to achieve near-optimal detection of multiplexed data without increasing the complexity of pro cessing at the receiver side. 2.3 IDMA IDMA is a multi-access method first proposed and developed in 200015). It has gained popularity as one possible main access method for implementing the Internet of Things (IoT) and Machine to Machine (M2M) connections over 5G. In IoT/M2M communications, there are expected to be a large number of connected terminals sending small numbers of packets and instead of using packet scheduling based on OMA, the NOMA method is being considered be-cause it has good robustness to interference and does not require scheduling. IDMA within NOMA is known to have excellent user discrimination characteristics and a multi-user interference canceler can work effectively by combining an interleaver for each user with low-coding-rate error-correction coding to achieve a higher throughput com-pared to OFDMA. Additionally, IDMA is well suited to low-coding-rate error correction and is considered appropriate for transmitting the large number of multiplexed small-packet signals used by IoT, M2M, etc. After coding, the information bit sequence is rearranged by using a user-specific interleaved pattern to generate the encoded transmission bit sequence, which is mapped to the modulation symbols. The IDMA receiver is a parallel-type repeat multi-user receiver composed of a multi-user interference canceler and decoder. 2.4 Issues in Measurement Development As described so far, NOMA now under investigation for 5G has various methods. In particular, since the receiver performance depends directly on the SIC performance for NOMA, SOMA, and IDMA, measuring instruments must have functions for evaluating this performance correctly. However, there is presently no clear generation method for SCMA that includes codebook functions. Whether or not this can be solved either by standardization or by some implementation, development is pushing forward while watching trends in standardization and related technologies. 3.1 MIMO Evolution MIMO achieves high throughput and high reliability by using multiple antennas for transmitter and receiver (Figure 7) and it is a key technology in todays wireless communications systems. Furthermore, IEEE802.11ac and LTE-Advanced have adopted multi-user MIMO for simultaneous communications between base station with multiple antennas and multiple mobile terminals. Currently, Massive-MIMO is being proposed as a new technology for improving MIMO characteristics, targeting the 5G roll out. Massive-MIMO uses up-ward of 100 antenna elements to support simultaneous communications with multiple mobile terminals, greatly improving the spectrum usage efficiency. Figure 8: Massive-MIMO Configuration In addition, use of higher frequency bands, such as the millimeter-wave band is being investigated for 5G. Using the millimeter-wave band, is expected to support ultra-high-speed and large capacity communications using small cells, but transmission losses are big in the higher frequency bands and become bigger especially at non-line-of-sight communications (NLOS). Beam forming (BF) using Massive-MIMO antenna configurations (Figure 8) is thought to be effective in countering these increases in transmission losses. Since the antenna elements can be made small in proportion to the wavelength, the overall antenna size can be reduced even when using 100 or more antenna elements. Moreover, using Massive-MIMO can focus the energy to the mobile as a very tight beam, which not only improves the energy efficiency but is also expected to reduce interference between users. With 5G, in addition to conventional voice and internet services, video streaming, wireless Cloud, and M2M applications will become ubiquitous, requiring good service quality. In addition, these data communications will experience much higher variations in traffic levels with region and time, making it important to be able to accommodate bursts of user traffic in space and time. 3.2 Sub-Array Massive-MIMO In a Massive-MIMO configuration, a DAC is connected to each antenna element to form a digital BF configuration (Figure 9) supporting high-performance BF using digital signal processing. However, since the digital BF configuration requires a large number of high-speed DACs, the power consumption is extremely high. Moreover, using millimeter wave communications with the digital BF configuration widens the signal band, which requires high-speed signal processing. On the other hand, since analog BF using analog elements forms the same beam pattern in all bands, there is a risk that the received power of a user will drop when directing the beam at another user. Consequently, to lower the power consumption for millimeter-wave band communications, a hybrid method that can be implemented using smaller number of DACs has been proposed. This hybrid method combines both the analog and digital methods with send weighting to point beams simultaneously at multiple users; it achieves the same gain as digital BF using the massive configuration for all users. 3.3 Issues in Operation of Higher-Order MIMO Various factors including antenna design affect MIMO communication capacity. To be more precise, the following four factors are considered to cause MIMO communication capacity degradation. Inadequate selection of MIMO channel estimation algorithm Crosstalk between transmitter and receiver circuits MIMO gain reduction affected by Line of Sight (LOS) radio wave Inadequate antenna spacing and multiple reflections inside the housing Besides the above mentioned four points, in order to achieve further improvement of spectrum efficiency by using higher-order MIMO, the performances must be properly evaluated from the aspect of radio wave propagation, antenna and communication system. 4 Summary NOMA and MIMO are technologies for improving the spectrum efficiency for 5G wireless communications. The technologies have large benefits in terms of energy efficiency, spectrum efficiency, robustness, and reliability. Current base stations are both expensive and have poor efficiency at high power levels and there are proposals to replace them with massive combined modules featuring low cost and low power consumption. Achieving this requires solutions to various problems to maximize the potential of the technologies, such as complex antenna unit calculations, separation of analog and digital processing, synchronization of antenna units, etc. Additionally, implementing non-orthogonal access requires focus on increasing the power of devices for mobile terminals. Increasing the performance of semi-conductor devices offers a future chance to build high-speed digital signal processing such as SIC into more mobile terminals. Network Assisted Interference Cancellation and Suppression (NAICS ) using SIC is already being discussed by 3GPP for future introduction, and introduction of non-orthogonal access technologies such as NOMA is being proposed to ex-tend NAICS. Continuing active cooperation between industry and universities is required to solve the problems and assure future commercial roll outs. Anritsu has a wide range of measurement solutions for evaluating complex radio infrastructure and is continuing research in this field.

The Terminator Essay -- Film Movie Terminator Essays

The Terminator James Cameron’s 1984 film, The Terminator, is about a cyborg, called a terminator, that is sent back into the past to kill Sarah Connor, the mother of John Connor, the leader of the human resistance. A soldier, named Kyle Reese, is also sent back to protect Sarah (Terminator). In the film’s 1991 sequel, Terminator 2: Judgment Day (T2), the Terminator returns, not to kill Sarah, but to protect young John from the T-1000 (T2). During the course of these two films, the character of Sarah Connor dramatically changes from weak woman to a warrior woman. She transforms mentally, physically, and emotionally. Not only does she change in this manner, but her role in the films changes as well. Sarah’s purpose and significance as a character changes over the course of the two films. In Terminator, Sarah is of great importance to the story. Without her there would be no human resistance in the future, so it is imperative that she live. The movie revolves around her, as she is the main protagonist in the film. At the end of Terminator, it is she, not Kyle, that destroys the Terminator. Though she is the main protagonist, her purpose in the film was to be a vessel. She was only valued because of her body, her ability to give birth to John. It only mattered that she live so that she could give birth to John. In Terminator 2, Sarah is pushed into the background. She becomes merely a secondary character. Her presence in the movie is not as important. She has already completed her job of giving birth to John and raising him to be able to take care of himself, so there is no reason for her to be there. Her presence even puts John into more danger. John wanted to save his mother from the mental institution, but the Terminator... ...tor films are good for study because of their rarity and the character of Sarah Connor. Works Cited Cranny-Francis, Anne. "The Body in the Text." Internet. 10 Dec. 2001. http://www.univie.ac.at/Germanistik/schrodt/vorlesungsmaterialien/the_body_in_the_text.htm. Cunningham, Kim. "Shaping the Stars." People Weekly 10 January 1994: 50-56. Internet. 24 Nov. 2001. http://www.iwu.edu/library/subjres.htm. Pfeil, Fred. "Revolting Yet Conserved: Family Noir in Blue Velvet and Terminator 2." 1992. Internet. 24 Nov. 2001. http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/postmodern_culture/v002/2.3pfeil.html. Terminator, The. Dir. James Cameron. Perf. Arnold Swarzenegger, Michael Biehn, Linda Hamilton. Artisan Entertainment, 1984. Terminator 2: Judgment Day. Dir. James Cameron. Perf. Arnold Swarzenegger, Linda Hamilton, Robert Patrick, Edward Furlong. Artisan Entertainment, 1991.

Why did Japan attack Pearl Harbour in 1941? Essay

In December 1941, the Japanese struck. A well-coordinated series of attacks across the Pacific, most notably the American naval base of Hawaii, bringing about Japanese dominance in South East Asia; sending a direct message to the ‘oppressive’ west. Japan for a significant period of time had been viewed by the US and its western allies as a major threat in the Pacific, and as a direct consequence of a series of the events tensions boiling point was reached and the climax of nearly 1/2 a century of rivalry exploded. â€Å"The Great War destroyed the multilateral balance of power in East Asia and left Japan and the United States directly confronting each other across the Pacific†; Japan’s continued growth as the leading industrial giant in Asia, allowed an increase in global power but to the Japanese they were never recognised in the manner in which they believed they deserved. Americas realization that this growth could threaten their superiority led to a num ber of subjective decisions but where they left too late, so late in fact that it was a point of no return, the imperialistic mindset of the Japanese was too full of honor to back down in the face of what seemed uncertainty. In the years succeeding the Great War, Japan had embarked on a meteoric rise in its industrial power, and rising concurrently was their global power; this was all achieved under the control of Emperor Hirohito, a man determined to meet Japans goals on the Asian mainland. Nevertheless, this industrial growth would not have been possible without the importation of a number of vital commodities such as oil and aviation fuel. These commodities were imported primarily from the US and if not directly from the Americans from a country allied to the isolationist giant. Yet the US was not blind to the progress of the small island of Japan, the sudden increase had not gone unnoticed and at the Washington Conference of 1921 a report was released that described â€Å"Japans naval armament as a ‘silent power’ with which is used to deter the United States†, in response to this the Americans ensured that the Japanese naval power was restricted to a position weaker than that of t heir own. Within Japan this was met with a feeling of aggravation with her status not being observed as that of a major global power; and not for the first time, Japan had been in a similar position following the Treaty of Versailles with land they had captured in the war being returned and her foreign ambitions once again quelled. Japan was becoming cognizant that â€Å"at some date, the US would interfere and disrupt Japanese goals† and having been used to foreign involvement the Emperor was not going to allow for the Americans to once again change Japan’s ambition: â€Å"the political, commercial and military dominance of the Western Pacific†. This aggressive policy towards its rivals in the Pacific has been attributed to a collection of reasons that led to the attacks in December 1941. To the Japanese they believed that they were entitled to expand their territory and with this being restricted it pushed the ruling elite into a position that, despite experts claiming there were alternative solutions Japan only saw one; and â€Å"war became the most viable option† to render them useless in preventing the objectives of Japan being met. Japan then expanded into Manchuria a military move that left the country isolated internationally. This coincided with the US government banning the export of oil and scrap metals to Japan if not from a licensed company, the first steps towards a complete embargo. Once Roosevelt had given the green light for the complete embargo things began to change internally in Japan as the ultranationalist’s consolidation of power continued ensuring expansion was not held back. This consolidation of power by the ultranationalists was crucial in the decision to attack Pearl Harbor, they felt Japan needed to use what it had learned from WW1 and ensure a ‘quick showdown’. With no oil coming into the country they were left with no choice but to go on the military offensive to keep their booming industry alive. This embargo had put the leading figures in Japan in a position of serious decision making, they could no longer allow being ‘disrespected’ on the internationa l stage; and â€Å"Japan now defined the United States as its foremost enemy in terms of both capabilities and intentions†. Coinciding with the embargo President Roosevelt moved the US fleet to Hawaii in order to discourage Japans expansive ambitions in the Pacific, and with the army officers of Japan being of a militaristic nature it led to a push for action and this action was to be the first strike in what was to become the Pacific War. It can be therefore suggested that the reasoning behind the attack on Pearl Harbour came as a consequence of the humiliation Japan felt it had endured on an international level at the hands of the United States. The United States was a country that â€Å"from the perspective of the Japanese government, was unnecessarily intervening in affairs in which it had little specific, concrete interest†. Despite the continued interference of the Americans in preventing Japans expansive actions, civilians paid little attention to Japan despite the strong racist feelings between the two countries, a feeling that was highlighted by the San Francisco School incident; further increasing tensions between the two feuding powers. The incident was one of five key provocations that the Japanese used to justify their surprise attack; yet despite the increasingly hostile foreign policy aimed in the direction of Japan, little was done to increase military support by the Americans; allowing the Japanese to feel confident enough to attack Pearl Harbour with the hope of undermining American morale, such that the US government would drop its demands contrary to Japanese interests. However, there is no hiding the pivotal reason behind the attacks and this was the defilement of the economy. The destruction of the Naval fleet was a direct â€Å"retaliation for America’s existential attacks on Japans economy†. Coupled together with naval limitation, the unequal treaties and the continued dishonor on the international stage, Japan felt it best to strike swiftly rendering the US military presence in the Pacific non-existent. The elite of Japan was not prepared for the catastrophic consequences of their attack on Pearl Harbor, at the time what was such a successful foreign attack, it turned out to be the defining moment in not only the War but in Japan’s history. Some argue that the attacked doomed Japan by waking a sleeping giant, a giant that up until the point of attack was happy to find a compromise with Japan over the issues in the Asian region. Moreover, the awakening of this giant gave a reason for the whole US military machine to be set in motion; Clay Blair and Mark Parillo â€Å"believed that Japanese trade protection was so incompetent that the US submarines alone would have strangled them to defeat.† Had the Japanese put more time into planning out the response of the US they would have seen to enter the military conflict directly was not the way to go. However they did not highlight this as an issue and the awakening of the Americans ultimately led to the most devastating of con sequences, this was the subsequent dropping of the 2 atomic bombs on Japanese soil, killing 100,000 instantly with the death toll rising for decades thereafter. Despite this Japan did enjoy some positive consequences, the attack allowed a significant area of the Pacific to be conquered and held for a period of time. By conquering these lands, as a direct result of Pearl Harbour, Japans economy continued with a positive trajectory, and the populace continued its â€Å"strong support for the Japanese attack†. Japan had met its goals, the Navy of the US had been removed as a threat for the time being and Japan won every major battle until Midway in June of 1942. However had the military officials of the rising power in Asia targeted the crucial shore facilities that housed the oil reserves, the damage inflicted could have been existential. Consequently, the attacks had the opposite impact on the Americans themselves, â€Å"American attitudes about the war change radically†. This consequence allowed the full force of the US military machine to be put into action, a consequence that conclusively led to the defeat of Japan. Pain and rage swept across the states, a strong feeling of nationalism returned. The surprise attack was seen as ‘unjust and malevolent’ and the racism that had been rife prior to the attack in 1941 was now at the point of Japanese immigrants within America being sent to detention camps for the duration of the war. A reaction that the militaristic government of Japan had not foreseen. And although attempts had been made to prepare the country for war through the publication and use of anti-US propaganda, many were still ‘apprehensive and dismayed’ at the news Japan was now at war with the Americans. With this as a direct result of the Pearl Harbor attack, it did no favors for the morale amongst Japanese citizens who were aroused with both alarm and anger subsequent to the attack. In the long term, Pearl Habor bored more sententious ramifications that struck a blow to the honor and integrity of a once feared nation. Following the decimation of Japan with the dropping of the atomic bombs it was thought that the consequences to the attacks on Pearl Harbor had come to their end, yet this was not the case; American occupation was to follow. It is easy from here to trace back the source of this occupation, had the torpedoes not been dropped on the US naval fleet then it is highly unlikely that the ‘giant’ would have entered the war in the Pacific and engrossed itself in the dealings of Japan.

Barnes and Noble Summer Reading Program (Summer 2019)

Barnes and Noble Summer Reading Program (Summer 2019) Updated for Barnes Noble Summer Reading Program 2019 The Barnes and Noble summer reading program for kids gives kids a free book when they read 8 books over the summer. Looking for more summer reading programs that will score your kids some freebies? Check out my list of the best summer reading program freebies  that includes rewards from Half Price Books, TD Bank, and more. How to Get Free Books From the Barnes and Noble Summer Reading Program Visit the Barnes and Noble summer reading program to select the age range that your child fits into. You can choose between Ages 0-7, Ages 8-12, Teens and Young Adults, and Adults. After youve chosen an age range, youll find a link to where you can download and print a reading journal. The journals are available in English and Spanish. Fill out the student information on the bottom of the first page of the journal. A parent must sign on this page in order for the child to get a free book. In the reading log, your child will need to record the title and author, along with their favorite part of eight books to get their free book. Bring the completed and signed reading journal into your local Barnes and Noble bookstore between August 1, 2019, and August 31, 2019. Present it to an employee and they will let your child choose a book from the free book list. The Free Books Available From the Barnes and Noble Summer Reading Program Theres a wide variety of free books available for kids from the Barnes and Noble summer reading program. Heres whats available in 2018: Children in grades 1 and 2 are eligible to receive one of the following books: Malala: My Story of Standing Up for Girls RightsThe Mount Rushmore Calamity (Flat Stanleys Worldwide Adventure Series #1)Amelia Bedelia Means Business (Amelia Bedelia Chapter Book Series #1)Pete the Cat and the Cool CaterpillarDisney Junior Fancy Nancy: Chez NancyThe Princess in BlackJorge el curioso: De basura a tesoro (Bilingual)Purmaids #1: The Scaredy CatSunbeams Shine (Unicorn Princess #1) Kids that are in grades 3 and 4 can pick out one of these books: Middle School: The Worst Years of My LifeCatStronauts: Mission MoonMistakes Were Made (Timmy Failure Series #1)My FANGtastically Evil Vampire PetThe Super Life of Ben BraverDrew Pendous and the Camp Color War (Drew Pendous #1)Drew Pendous Travels to Ancient Egypt (Drew Pendous #2)Classic Starts: The Swiss Family RobinsonJudy Moody (Judy Moody Series #1)Judy  Moody esta  de muy mal humor (Judy Moody) Those children that are in grades 5 and 6 can choose from this list of books: The Last (Endling Series #1)Friendship List #1: 11 Before 12James and the Giant PeachTreasure Hunters (Treasure Hunters Series #1)Because of Winn-DixieEllies Story: A Dogs Purpose Puppy TaleThe Race to Space: Countdown to Liftoff (Epic Fails #2)Aru Shah and the End of Time (Pandava Series #1)Disney after Dark (Kingdom Keepers Series #1The Unicorn Quest Other Features of the Barnes and Noble Summer Reading Program The Barnes and Noble summer reading program website also has educator activity kits. These kits include fun activities about reading that can be completed with a child. Limits to Be Aware Of The Barnes and Noble summer reading program is only available to school-aged children in grades 1-6. Only one book is available for each child who completes a reading journal and choice must be made from the selected books available at the store.

She Unnames Them by Ursula Le Guin, an Analysis

'She Unnames Them' by Ursula Le Guin, an Analysis Ursula K. Le Guin, a writer predominantly of science fiction and fantasy, was awarded the 2014 National Book Foundation Medal for Distinguished Contribution to American Letters. She Unnames Them, a work of flash fiction, takes its premise from the Biblical book of Genesis, in which Adam names the animals. The story originally appeared in The New Yorker in 1985, where it is available to subscribers.  A free audio version of the author reading her story is also available. Genesis If youre familiar with the Bible, youll know that in Genesis 2:19-20, God creates the animals, and Adam chooses their names: And out of the ground the Lord God formed every beast of the field, and every fowl of the air; and brought them unto Adam to see what he would call them: and whatsoever Adam would call every living creature, that was the name thereof. So Adam gave names to all cattle, to the birds of the air, and to every beast of the field. As Adam sleeps, God takes one of his ribs and forms a companion for Adam, who chooses her name (woman) just as he has chosen names for the animals. Le Guins story reverses the events described here, as Eve unnames the animals one by one. Who Tells the Story? Even though the story is very short, its divided into two separate sections. The first section is a third-person account explaining how the animals react to their unnaming. The second section switches to the first person, and we realize that the story all along has been told by Eve (though the name Eve is never used). In this section, Eve describes the effect of unnaming the animals and narrates her own unnaming.   Whats in a Name? Eve clearly views names as a way to control and categorize others. In returning the names, she rejects the uneven power relations of having Adam in charge of everything and everybody. So, She Unnames Them is a defense of the right to self-determination. As Eve explains to the cats, the issue was precisely one of individual choice. It is also a story about tearing down barriers. Names serve to emphasize the differences between the animals, but without names, their similarities become more evident. Eve explains: They seemed far closer than when their names had stood between myself and them like a clear barrier. Though the story focuses on the animals, Eves own unnaming is ultimately more important. The story is about power relations between men and women. The story rejects not just the names, but also the subservient relationship indicated in Genesis, which portrays women like a smaller part of men, given that they were formed from Adams rib. Consider that Adam declares, She shall be called Woman,/Because she was taken out of Man in Genesis. She Unnames Them Analysis Much of Le Guins language in this story is beautiful and evocative, often evoking the characteristics of the animals as an antidote to simply using their names. For example, she writes: The insects parted with their names in vast clouds and swarms of ephemeral syllables buzzing and stinging and humming and flitting and crawling and tunneling away. In this section, her language almost paints an image of the insects, forcing readers to look closely and think about the insects, how they move, and how they sound. And this is the point where the story ends. The final message is if we choose our words carefully, well have to stop taking it all for granted and really consider the world - and the beings - around us. Once Eve herself considers the world, she must necessarily leave Adam. Self-determination, for her, is more than just choosing her name; its choosing her life.  Ã‚   The fact that Adam doesnt listen to Eve and instead asks her when dinner will be served might seem a little clichà ©d to 21st-century readers. But it still serves to represent the casual thoughtlessness of taking it all for granted that the story, at every level, asks readers to work against. After all, unname isnt even a word, so right from the beginning, Eve has been imagining a world that is unlike the one we know. Sources Genesis 2:19. The Holy Bible, Berean Study Bible, Bible Hub, 2018. Genesis 2:23. The Holy Bible, Berean Study Bible, Bible Hub, 2018. Le Guin, Ursula K. She Unnames Them. The New Yorker, January 21, 1985.

Internet memes in light of The work of art in the age of Mechanical Essay

Internet memes in light of The work of art in the age of Mechanical Reproduction by Walter Benjamin - Essay Example This research paper is aimed at highlighting the importance of this prominent means of communicating ideas while relating it to the concepts of arts developed by Walter Bejamin in his article "The work of Art in the age of the Mechanical Reproduction". Discussion Immediately following the development of the concept of internet memes, the idea was taken by many in the field and a number of websites appeared which served the purpose of providing newly developed memes with expressions which could be molded according to one's needs. This was not limited to internet sites only; a number of books, e-books and social media sites also serve the purpose. Literature review Although abundant information is available regarding the various aspects of memes, only those resources will be selected which resonate with the ideas brought forward by Walter Benjamin in the selected article. To prevent bias from disrupting the authenticity of the document, equal importance will be given to resources with supporting or confronting views. Dawkin's (1976) work 'The selfish gene' will be used to get an idea about the origin of the concept of memes. The work of Shifman (2009) will be used to get an idea about the current trends about internet memes. Strohecker's (2012) work about authenticity of art works will be referred to for explaining in detail the nature of authenticity of art works. ... Burgress (2007) has described memes to be 'vernacular creativity'; she considers that memes are the result of daily artistic and innovative thoughts of people that take the form of an idea and are produced by simple means. Milner (2012) talks about memes and claims that with the passage of time and with improvement in technology, websites related to the development of memes are getting user friendly. Therefore, the range of topics and ideas covered by developers of memes are according to their age and interests; this implies that the themes of memes fall under literally thousands of categories. It is for this reason that a standard classification of memes according to genres is not feasible as yet. However, a general classification of memes can include categories like Reaction photoshops, Lipsynch, Misheard Lyrics and Recut Trailers etc (Shifman, 2014). It should however be understood that the basis of classification of memes can be different and various systems of classification of memes can be adapted depending upon the type of requirements under a given set of conditions. Aims of the project The aim of this project is to weigh the concept of memes against a standard; an article by a well known literary critic from Germany. Being the developer of the notion 'auratic perception', Walter in his work "The work of Art in the age of the Mechanical Reproduction" has discussed art in the light of the then prevailing circumstances in which the aspect of mechanical reproduction was very prominent. However, with the passage of time and with the development of new concepts and technologies, older methods of reproduction of art works have been replaced by a number of new methods. Although, a digital manifestation of the art works ensures rapid propagation

Case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 10

Case Study Example Basing on this, this paper has developed a SWOT analysis of FedEx. A SWOT analysis is a managerial strategic program aimed at analyzing the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of an organization so that decision makers can enact policies basing on information at hand. From the DI case, the weaknesses of the organization are highlighted, and in all, they are internal, and based on employees negligence. This report will highlight that. The table below shows the SWOT analysis of the organization. Political instability in various countries and regions of its interest might affect its operations. For example the Arab Spring crises that started in Tunisia to Egypt that led to overthrow of these governments through mass participation. Poor judgment by its employees on appeasing aggrieved clients can lead to customer dissatisfaction for example Poor customer relationship skills witnessed by the supervisor sending chocolates instead of offering an apology to aggrieved customers. Loses arising from inefficiency of their services through paying of refunds and compensations to clients for expenses arising from the company’s negligence. For instance DI lost $ 600 in paying trade booths which were to be used for showcasing the undelivered goods (McDougall and Charles, 48). Risk negative publicity and therefore affecting their profitability due to their inefficiency in handling DI shipments. This is portrayed by Anita Kilgour expressing her disappointment and unhappiness at how the organization handled her orders. From this analysis, we can conclude that FedEx is a strong company with minimum weaknesses in its operations. It is also a technology oriented company and because of this, it is a market leader in provision of courier services. Despite its strengths and position in the market, the company can improve on its weaknesses by improving on the terms of the money back guarantee system, to give

Literature review on profession Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 10000 words

Literature review on profession - Essay Example Torgersen (1972) and Abbott (1988) further emphasize on the need to monopolize duties for the achievement of professionalism. Andrews & Waerness (2011) suggest that de-professionalization may occur if there is a reduction on the area of responsibility or certain occupation’s jurisdiction. In general this involves where there is less specialization of occupational duties. Professions in the society are interests groups thus there positions are determined by the structural elements. Ascribing to the characteristics of interest groups they safeguard their advantages by means of social closure (Philip O’regan 2008). Therefore professionalism aims to regulate entry into an occupation so as to maintain its market value (Parkin, 1979). According to interactions’ perspective professions provides services to the society and defend the interests of their members as well as the interest group at large. Critical perspectives have been taken attributed to studies on professio nalization in the context of state-profession dynamics and collective social mobility within a set of power relations. In regard to this professions create professional monopoly by closure and exclusion to defend the interests of their members practice (Sian, 2006; Uche, 2002; Walker, 2004; Willmott, 1986; Yapa, 1999). †¦. 3. Accountancy and Professionalism †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4. ... et al., 2012). According to AICPA, 2006; Gammie, Herbohn, & Whiting, 2010; Hopman & Lord, 2009; ICPAS, 2009 they provide that public accounting firms have under-representation of women in the partnership ranks despite them constituting at least half of all entry-level employees. Women have a higher turnover than men thus failing to progress in ranks. It is not clear if the underlying turn over factor having resulted into gender parity in the context of partnership promotions (Almera,E. et al., 2012). In USA statistics shows that post-senior manager positions have been established in most firms. Women are disproportionately represented unlike equity partner promotions (AICPA, 2005; Dambrin& Lambert, 2008; ICPAS, 2009). The rise in the post-senior manager positions is the need for terminal destination provision focussed on experienced senior managers who practice in the traditional accounting and tax areas but don’t have the skills or desire for equity ownership† (IPA, 200 5). Partnership career paths within the firms are preferred those [senior employees] who may not be willing or able to do whatever is necessary to become a partner† (Alter, 1991, p. 55), and they posses talents and knowledge important for the firm (Coolidge and D’Angelo, 1994; Hooks &Cheramy, 1994). With the need and pressure for women representation in higher professional positions categorically women careers, the accounting research literature do not provide any evidence that women with â€Å"greater choice and flexibility in career progression† as asserted by Hooks et al. (1997). The creation of these positions does not specifically focus in the fulfilment of employee of firms needs. There are no considerations on the implications of these positions incorporating gender

Religion and Human Experience Essay Example for Free

Religion and Human Experience Essay Hinduism can be traced back to ancient Aryan civilizations about four thousand years ago and is based on polytheism with various forms of rituals. Upanishads are documented texts which came about after probing the religion and finding ways of attaining spiritual insight from within and for life in general. Brahman is one who sees the divine as being one in all aspects and the Atman which is the soul reflects the oneness amidst diversity and reveals the Brahman in his true self. Maya on the other hand camouflages the truth of unity in mythical and magical shroud. Karma which is related to rebirth is stressed while Moksha is seen as freedom from and beyond all human aspects. The Bhagvad Gita brings out the practical elements of the religion in everyday life through four paths which can be practised together or separately to achieve spiritual satisfaction. The Hindu religion revolves around temples, rituals, polytheism and numerous festivals. Though many may worship a particular god or goddess they believe in all gods as being one in different forms. Priests and gurus are revered and looked up to as spiritual leaders. Animals are given importance as they are believed to be in the image of god this reflects in several gods having animal features. Symbolism is the basis brought out through art and sculpture. This rich culture of India has appealed to many around the world especially the yoga and meditations which have influenced people from every background. Religion and Human Experience 4 Jainism This religion is as ancient as Buddhism with Mahavir as the central figure and whose teachings are similar to Buddha, preaching abstinence and meditation to attain peace and ultimate freedom. This religion does not believe in god’s creation or being blessed by a Divinity, instead they believe in an everlasting universe full of life and pain as in humans. Though humans are considered special and can attain spirituality through compassion and knowledge of the inner self. The basic of Jainism is Ahimsa of which non violence is the most important followed by other virtues. Like most religions Jains honour 24 saints otherwise known as Tirthankaras who are looked up to and followed for their great accomplishments. Purification is part of being a Jain and life is considered a step in the path to eternal liberation from the human body through a life of good virtue and selflessness. Jainism teaches that to gain spiritual fulfilment one has to follow the path of strict non violence. It has five branches Digambaras, Shvetambaras, Sthanakavasis and Terapanthis. Sikhism This is a fifteenth century Indian religion with a background of Hindu Muslim conflict. The founder is Guru Nanak who believed in monotheism and oneness of God. He professed that even though there may be many forms and perception God is one whom he called â€Å"True name â€Å". His teaching was that God had no image and that he was beyond human insight while being the ultimate source of love, wisdom and righteousness. He taught social Religion and Human Experience 5 conscientiousness as part of the religion and the Sikh temples which are called Gurudwaras were open to all. The Sikhs follow and honor ten gurus, the first of whom was Nanak and the last being Gobind Singh who is the permanent guru and is said to have the soul of Nanak himself. Guru Gobind Singh was the founder of the military group called the Khalsa which followed five basic practices religiously. Today these five practices is what distinguishes the Sikhs from the rest, these include uncut hair and beard, Kangha a wooden comb, Kirpan which is a sword, Kachhera the under short which represents the readiness for battle at all times and Kara which is a steel wrist band representing the unity of Sikhs. This community stands out for its independence and strong unity which is their strength. Adi Granth is the holy book of the Sikhs and has verses and hymns written by the gurus themselves. This community has several festivals marking important events in the history of the Sikh religion. Religion and Human Experience 6 References Molloy Michael. 2008. Experiencing the World’s Religions, 4th Edition. Retrieved on June 7th, 2009 from: http://highered. mcgraw-hill. com/sites/0073535648/student_view0/

Americas Transcendental Voice :: Essays Papers

Americas Transcendental Voice Ralph Waldo Emerson was one of the true fathers of transcendentalism in America. He was said to be the founding member of the smallest church. The congregation included only himself, and his church waited on the world to see his views as the truth. Emerson's beliefs were greatly influenced by friends he met in Europe and the romantic movement of the time. Transcendentalists of the time did not believe in miracles, they thought everything had a common sense answer. They believed that the mind was not just a blank slate to be filled only with what we can perceive through our senses, but something which was capable of intuition and imagination. Emerson believed that God along with great peace and serenity could be found in nature. This essay will trace how Emerson’s transcendental beliefs are reflected in Nature. This essay will also follow Emersion’s appreciation of nature, his transcendental quest to find truths that were beyond the reach of man’s limited senses. In his first chapter entitled Nature Emerson writes â€Å"To go into solitude, a man needs to retire as much from his chamber as from society.†(615) This reflects his feelings towards society and how it must be left behind to truly find God. Later in this chapter he marvels over how God Had made the atmosphere in such a way that we can see the rest of the universe, God’s almighty handiwork. Emerson ponders just what the future generations of people will still appreciate the city of stars God has provided. In Nature Emerson also expresses his love and admiration for the poet when he writes how a woodcutter sees a tree as a stick of timber where the poet sees it for what it is, a tree. Also in this first chapter Emerson expresses his transcendental belief that children are closer to God when he writes, â€Å"The sun illuminates only the eye of a man, but shines into the eye and the heart of a child.†(616). From this first chapter we can tell that Emerson ha d an almost insatiable love of nature, he believed that god was all around us, in our fields, our forests, and our rivers. The second chapter of Nature is entitled Commodity. In Commodity Emerson is ranking all the advantages which our senses owe to nature.

Teens and Premarital Sex :: Sexual Education Pregnancy Marriage

The Impure Waterwheel Have you ever seen a watermill? Turning continuously, they are bound in an eternal cycle. Continually spinning,, the lack of purity in the United States can be compared to that watermill, a never-ending cycle that threatens to spin out of control. We must intercede. Sex out of wedlock creates dysfunctional families, and teens searching for â€Å"more† in life, who often turn to the reason they're feeling so glum, sex. Having sex out of wedlock is a big problem in the United States that needs to stop. Strained by relationships on the verge of collapse and peer pressure, many teens turn to sex as an escape. Hardly sixteen, Jamie Lynn Spears is an excellent example of how family problems can pressure someone to do things they know they shouldn’t. Jamie Lynn’s sister, Brittany Spears, is undergoing extensive criticism from the media about her recent mental breakdown, this pressure from the paparazzi has taken its toll on Jamie Lynn’s life and she made a bad choice, as so many young people today do. With the baby, that so often follows sex out of wedlock many times a â€Å"family† is quickly formed out of girlfriends and boyfriends who think they’re â€Å"in love†. In many cases, one of the parents will leave, forming yet another dysfunctional family. Dysfunctional families are often unloving and make childhood difficult. Wrestling with their own problems many single parents will simply hang their children out to dry. Basically neglected, children deem themselves extremely reviled and not good enough. Off this assumption of worthlessness, many young people will label or allow themselves to be labeled as â€Å"unloved†. Hated by their parents, or at least feeling they’re hated, teens will go to extensive lengths to find self-worth. While they realize they will never be able to replace their parent’s love, adolescents will always try to find meaning. Teens will search for something â€Å"more† in life, which they never got in their childhood always. If they feel they can’t earn their parent's love young people will turn to other things to satisfy their need to be accepted. Grossly, many teens turn to drugs or alcohol to try to forget their life. Tortured by life, some people turn to popularity to appease their soul, but none of these alternatives can. Craving love, many teens turn to sex as an alternative to facing reality, or simply as a place to find the love they’ve never felt.

Management Theories Scott Straughan

Investigate the development of management as a theory and discipline. Asses the relevance of these theories to modern day managers and identify the key management skills that will be of importance to the manager of the millennium. For the purpose of this essay modern day manager shall mean managers of the present day. Management skills are skills that managers need to be good at there work. In this essay I will be investigating management theories at the start of this century, then looking at the progression of management up until the present day, this will include research carried out by a number of people which gave growth to HRM as we know it today. I will then identify key management skills in these theories and assess their relevance to today†s management, I will also identify the management skills required in today†s workforce. At the turn of the century there were a lot of important developments in management. Oil companies (standard oil trust) and (u.s. steel, the first 1 billion dollar company) were rapidly expanding. Smaller and medium sized companies had to improve efficiency in order to survive against the big giants. Frederick Winslow Taylor (1856-1915) began to look at the measurement of work, he broke down each task to find out how long it would take, he then planned ahead for numbers of workers wanted and what training they would need, he then decided what wages the workers were worth accordingly to what they accomplished. At the same time Henry ford (1896-1947) reduced his chassis assembly time from twelve and a half hours to ninety three minutes through using these methods. Managers were starting to plan ahead more to increase efficiency, as competition increased researchers began to look at other ways of improving efficiency even more, they started to look at the working environment. Elton mayo (1880-1949) carried out the ‘Hawthorne experiments†, they looked at relationships in the workplace and working conditions. Mayo found that peoples needs and attitudes had much more of an influence on productivity than the efficiency of the production line itself, this was called the human relations approach and is widely used today. The Hawthorne experiments looked at four areas :- 2. The relay assembly group experiments The purpose was to increase productivity. The illumination experiments looked at lighting and heating, mayo found even in poor working conditions productivity was still higher than average, the workers were working harder because someone was taking an interest in them. The relay assembly group experiments took six female workers and gave them there own separate areas to work in, they were given regular breaks and freedom to talk. The person who studied them also worked as their supervisor, the workers were consulted before any changes were made, and productivity was massively increased, again due to the fact someone was taking an interest in them. The bank wiring group studies involved fourteen male workers and was very similar to the relay assembly group experiments. Finally he carried out the interviewing program, this involved interviewing every worker (21,000 in total), they were asked about their opinion of the company they worked for and their attitudes towards their managers, the results were closely analysed afterwards. Mayo had found a way to increase productivity through better working relations and better working conditions. Productivity increased as a result of the following :- Due to better working relations groups of workers worked harder, but what about personnel motivation During the war most of the young men were fighting, managers had to keep up with an incredible demand, they were given older retired workers and women, women had never been widely employed in factories before this time. Managers looked to researchers to get the maximum effort out of workers. Abraham Maslow (1908-1970) argued people do not just work for money, but for basic needs such as shelter, food for survival, and higher needs such as self esteem and confidence. This is called Maslows hierarchy of needs, Maslow describes fives types of needs arranged in a hierarchy, Maslow assumed people always wanted more, one level should be the motivator to the next. 1. Physical needs – basic needs such as food, water, shelter, air, rest, and sex. 2. Safety needs – freedom from fear of threats, security and stability (pensions and healthcare) 3. Social needs – the need for acceptance within a group, friendship, love affection and comfort when feeling down. 4. Esteem needs – the need for achievement and recognition, respect for yourself. Managers can achieve this through training and development. 5. Self actualisation needs – the need for a person to achieve their full potential, accomplishment and growth. Not everyone meets these needs through work, some might gain them through social activities with friends, and an activity such as playing in a football team may achieve this. However some people are happy after achieving the first level and are not motivated to the next level, while others strive to improve themselves, this was the flaw in Maslows theory. More researchers began to look at HRM, there was still a lot to be discovered, Maslow had started the work and now more people were following in his footsteps, they started to look at positive thinking and the way management treated workers. Douglas McGregor (1906-1964) looked at traditional management styles compared to newer ones, these were called theory x and theory y. He found old methods assumed people did not want to work, had to be closely supervised and did not take much pride in their work, this was called theory x, theory y was completely the opposite and argued people did want to work and got a lot of satisfaction from taking pride in their work. McGregor argued â€Å"if you treat workers as responsible and intelligent people who want to work, that is the way they will behave†. He also looked at achievers and successful people and suggested these people took responsibility for their work and set themselves moderate achievable goals, low achievers came from poor cultural backgrounds, poor education and felt they could not achieve any goals they set, they could however be achievers through training and development. we have looked at the development of management from the early 1900†³s up until present day. All management styles traditional or modern focus on efficiency and productivity. Traditional management includes bureaucratic management which relies very much on rules, procedures, discipline and hierarchy, this causes a clear division between workers and management and causes low productivity. Scientific management focused on the â€Å"one best way† to do a job and did not take into account that workers know how to do their work better than management, again this method causes low productivity. Modern day managers have regular meeting with staff to discuss any problems they have, and identify help where it is needed. This is Japanese style management e which emphasizes on HRM and increasing productivity, modern management still uses a lot of traditional theories though. Technology is rapidly changing management with the introduction of computers, global communications and the Internet. The skills a modern day manager needs are changing as rapid as technology, the workplace is becoming more informal where we socialise as well as work. Traditional management was strict with rules and authority which workers were afraid of, there was no contact between management and workers and it seemed they both had completely different goals to achieve. Companies now work together as a teem with a common goal of increasing profit. Modern day managers are flexible to meet employees needs, they motivate and encourage workers to succeed, they have confidence, charisma and are patient. Managers should posses counselling skills and nurture there workers, this is a more feminine approach and are called soft skills. Do modern day managers bear any relevance to traditional skills Although traditional management styles seem prehistoric compared to today they are still relevant, Maslows hierarchy of needs can be compared to the corporate ladder, more people choose careers instead of just a job. Mayo†s Hawthorne experiments eventually led to laws being made on working conditions (Health and safety at work act). McGregor†s theory x and theory y, all managers now assume people want to work and take pride in it to. If asked which is the most relevant I would argue Maslow, most people can relate to his theories as the corporate ladder and I feel it is widely used now as a personnel motivator for employees. As the millennium approaches managers are forming even closer links with employees with the use of soft skills. Companies invest a lot of money in training of staff and can receive grants from the government for this purpose, appraisals are now widely used to coach and motivate staff. Managers are empowering workers more to supervise themselves and be responsible for their own workload, this is partly because more people are working from home with new technology. Business is now thriving thanks to the work of researchers at the start of the century.