Literature review on profession Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 10000 words

Literature review on profession - Essay Example Torgersen (1972) and Abbott (1988) further emphasize on the need to monopolize duties for the achievement of professionalism. Andrews & Waerness (2011) suggest that de-professionalization may occur if there is a reduction on the area of responsibility or certain occupation’s jurisdiction. In general this involves where there is less specialization of occupational duties. Professions in the society are interests groups thus there positions are determined by the structural elements. Ascribing to the characteristics of interest groups they safeguard their advantages by means of social closure (Philip O’regan 2008). Therefore professionalism aims to regulate entry into an occupation so as to maintain its market value (Parkin, 1979). According to interactions’ perspective professions provides services to the society and defend the interests of their members as well as the interest group at large. Critical perspectives have been taken attributed to studies on professio nalization in the context of state-profession dynamics and collective social mobility within a set of power relations. In regard to this professions create professional monopoly by closure and exclusion to defend the interests of their members practice (Sian, 2006; Uche, 2002; Walker, 2004; Willmott, 1986; Yapa, 1999). †¦. 3. Accountancy and Professionalism †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4. ... et al., 2012). According to AICPA, 2006; Gammie, Herbohn, & Whiting, 2010; Hopman & Lord, 2009; ICPAS, 2009 they provide that public accounting firms have under-representation of women in the partnership ranks despite them constituting at least half of all entry-level employees. Women have a higher turnover than men thus failing to progress in ranks. It is not clear if the underlying turn over factor having resulted into gender parity in the context of partnership promotions (Almera,E. et al., 2012). In USA statistics shows that post-senior manager positions have been established in most firms. Women are disproportionately represented unlike equity partner promotions (AICPA, 2005; Dambrin& Lambert, 2008; ICPAS, 2009). The rise in the post-senior manager positions is the need for terminal destination provision focussed on experienced senior managers who practice in the traditional accounting and tax areas but don’t have the skills or desire for equity ownership† (IPA, 200 5). Partnership career paths within the firms are preferred those [senior employees] who may not be willing or able to do whatever is necessary to become a partner† (Alter, 1991, p. 55), and they posses talents and knowledge important for the firm (Coolidge and D’Angelo, 1994; Hooks &Cheramy, 1994). With the need and pressure for women representation in higher professional positions categorically women careers, the accounting research literature do not provide any evidence that women with â€Å"greater choice and flexibility in career progression† as asserted by Hooks et al. (1997). The creation of these positions does not specifically focus in the fulfilment of employee of firms needs. There are no considerations on the implications of these positions incorporating gender

Religion and Human Experience Essay Example for Free

Religion and Human Experience Essay Hinduism can be traced back to ancient Aryan civilizations about four thousand years ago and is based on polytheism with various forms of rituals. Upanishads are documented texts which came about after probing the religion and finding ways of attaining spiritual insight from within and for life in general. Brahman is one who sees the divine as being one in all aspects and the Atman which is the soul reflects the oneness amidst diversity and reveals the Brahman in his true self. Maya on the other hand camouflages the truth of unity in mythical and magical shroud. Karma which is related to rebirth is stressed while Moksha is seen as freedom from and beyond all human aspects. The Bhagvad Gita brings out the practical elements of the religion in everyday life through four paths which can be practised together or separately to achieve spiritual satisfaction. The Hindu religion revolves around temples, rituals, polytheism and numerous festivals. Though many may worship a particular god or goddess they believe in all gods as being one in different forms. Priests and gurus are revered and looked up to as spiritual leaders. Animals are given importance as they are believed to be in the image of god this reflects in several gods having animal features. Symbolism is the basis brought out through art and sculpture. This rich culture of India has appealed to many around the world especially the yoga and meditations which have influenced people from every background. Religion and Human Experience 4 Jainism This religion is as ancient as Buddhism with Mahavir as the central figure and whose teachings are similar to Buddha, preaching abstinence and meditation to attain peace and ultimate freedom. This religion does not believe in god’s creation or being blessed by a Divinity, instead they believe in an everlasting universe full of life and pain as in humans. Though humans are considered special and can attain spirituality through compassion and knowledge of the inner self. The basic of Jainism is Ahimsa of which non violence is the most important followed by other virtues. Like most religions Jains honour 24 saints otherwise known as Tirthankaras who are looked up to and followed for their great accomplishments. Purification is part of being a Jain and life is considered a step in the path to eternal liberation from the human body through a life of good virtue and selflessness. Jainism teaches that to gain spiritual fulfilment one has to follow the path of strict non violence. It has five branches Digambaras, Shvetambaras, Sthanakavasis and Terapanthis. Sikhism This is a fifteenth century Indian religion with a background of Hindu Muslim conflict. The founder is Guru Nanak who believed in monotheism and oneness of God. He professed that even though there may be many forms and perception God is one whom he called â€Å"True name â€Å". His teaching was that God had no image and that he was beyond human insight while being the ultimate source of love, wisdom and righteousness. He taught social Religion and Human Experience 5 conscientiousness as part of the religion and the Sikh temples which are called Gurudwaras were open to all. The Sikhs follow and honor ten gurus, the first of whom was Nanak and the last being Gobind Singh who is the permanent guru and is said to have the soul of Nanak himself. Guru Gobind Singh was the founder of the military group called the Khalsa which followed five basic practices religiously. Today these five practices is what distinguishes the Sikhs from the rest, these include uncut hair and beard, Kangha a wooden comb, Kirpan which is a sword, Kachhera the under short which represents the readiness for battle at all times and Kara which is a steel wrist band representing the unity of Sikhs. This community stands out for its independence and strong unity which is their strength. Adi Granth is the holy book of the Sikhs and has verses and hymns written by the gurus themselves. This community has several festivals marking important events in the history of the Sikh religion. Religion and Human Experience 6 References Molloy Michael. 2008. Experiencing the World’s Religions, 4th Edition. Retrieved on June 7th, 2009 from: http://highered. mcgraw-hill. com/sites/0073535648/student_view0/

Americas Transcendental Voice :: Essays Papers

Americas Transcendental Voice Ralph Waldo Emerson was one of the true fathers of transcendentalism in America. He was said to be the founding member of the smallest church. The congregation included only himself, and his church waited on the world to see his views as the truth. Emerson's beliefs were greatly influenced by friends he met in Europe and the romantic movement of the time. Transcendentalists of the time did not believe in miracles, they thought everything had a common sense answer. They believed that the mind was not just a blank slate to be filled only with what we can perceive through our senses, but something which was capable of intuition and imagination. Emerson believed that God along with great peace and serenity could be found in nature. This essay will trace how Emerson’s transcendental beliefs are reflected in Nature. This essay will also follow Emersion’s appreciation of nature, his transcendental quest to find truths that were beyond the reach of man’s limited senses. In his first chapter entitled Nature Emerson writes â€Å"To go into solitude, a man needs to retire as much from his chamber as from society.†(615) This reflects his feelings towards society and how it must be left behind to truly find God. Later in this chapter he marvels over how God Had made the atmosphere in such a way that we can see the rest of the universe, God’s almighty handiwork. Emerson ponders just what the future generations of people will still appreciate the city of stars God has provided. In Nature Emerson also expresses his love and admiration for the poet when he writes how a woodcutter sees a tree as a stick of timber where the poet sees it for what it is, a tree. Also in this first chapter Emerson expresses his transcendental belief that children are closer to God when he writes, â€Å"The sun illuminates only the eye of a man, but shines into the eye and the heart of a child.†(616). From this first chapter we can tell that Emerson ha d an almost insatiable love of nature, he believed that god was all around us, in our fields, our forests, and our rivers. The second chapter of Nature is entitled Commodity. In Commodity Emerson is ranking all the advantages which our senses owe to nature.

Teens and Premarital Sex :: Sexual Education Pregnancy Marriage

The Impure Waterwheel Have you ever seen a watermill? Turning continuously, they are bound in an eternal cycle. Continually spinning,, the lack of purity in the United States can be compared to that watermill, a never-ending cycle that threatens to spin out of control. We must intercede. Sex out of wedlock creates dysfunctional families, and teens searching for â€Å"more† in life, who often turn to the reason they're feeling so glum, sex. Having sex out of wedlock is a big problem in the United States that needs to stop. Strained by relationships on the verge of collapse and peer pressure, many teens turn to sex as an escape. Hardly sixteen, Jamie Lynn Spears is an excellent example of how family problems can pressure someone to do things they know they shouldn’t. Jamie Lynn’s sister, Brittany Spears, is undergoing extensive criticism from the media about her recent mental breakdown, this pressure from the paparazzi has taken its toll on Jamie Lynn’s life and she made a bad choice, as so many young people today do. With the baby, that so often follows sex out of wedlock many times a â€Å"family† is quickly formed out of girlfriends and boyfriends who think they’re â€Å"in love†. In many cases, one of the parents will leave, forming yet another dysfunctional family. Dysfunctional families are often unloving and make childhood difficult. Wrestling with their own problems many single parents will simply hang their children out to dry. Basically neglected, children deem themselves extremely reviled and not good enough. Off this assumption of worthlessness, many young people will label or allow themselves to be labeled as â€Å"unloved†. Hated by their parents, or at least feeling they’re hated, teens will go to extensive lengths to find self-worth. While they realize they will never be able to replace their parent’s love, adolescents will always try to find meaning. Teens will search for something â€Å"more† in life, which they never got in their childhood always. If they feel they can’t earn their parent's love young people will turn to other things to satisfy their need to be accepted. Grossly, many teens turn to drugs or alcohol to try to forget their life. Tortured by life, some people turn to popularity to appease their soul, but none of these alternatives can. Craving love, many teens turn to sex as an alternative to facing reality, or simply as a place to find the love they’ve never felt.

Management Theories Scott Straughan

Investigate the development of management as a theory and discipline. Asses the relevance of these theories to modern day managers and identify the key management skills that will be of importance to the manager of the millennium. For the purpose of this essay modern day manager shall mean managers of the present day. Management skills are skills that managers need to be good at there work. In this essay I will be investigating management theories at the start of this century, then looking at the progression of management up until the present day, this will include research carried out by a number of people which gave growth to HRM as we know it today. I will then identify key management skills in these theories and assess their relevance to today†s management, I will also identify the management skills required in today†s workforce. At the turn of the century there were a lot of important developments in management. Oil companies (standard oil trust) and (u.s. steel, the first 1 billion dollar company) were rapidly expanding. Smaller and medium sized companies had to improve efficiency in order to survive against the big giants. Frederick Winslow Taylor (1856-1915) began to look at the measurement of work, he broke down each task to find out how long it would take, he then planned ahead for numbers of workers wanted and what training they would need, he then decided what wages the workers were worth accordingly to what they accomplished. At the same time Henry ford (1896-1947) reduced his chassis assembly time from twelve and a half hours to ninety three minutes through using these methods. Managers were starting to plan ahead more to increase efficiency, as competition increased researchers began to look at other ways of improving efficiency even more, they started to look at the working environment. Elton mayo (1880-1949) carried out the ‘Hawthorne experiments†, they looked at relationships in the workplace and working conditions. Mayo found that peoples needs and attitudes had much more of an influence on productivity than the efficiency of the production line itself, this was called the human relations approach and is widely used today. The Hawthorne experiments looked at four areas :- 2. The relay assembly group experiments The purpose was to increase productivity. The illumination experiments looked at lighting and heating, mayo found even in poor working conditions productivity was still higher than average, the workers were working harder because someone was taking an interest in them. The relay assembly group experiments took six female workers and gave them there own separate areas to work in, they were given regular breaks and freedom to talk. The person who studied them also worked as their supervisor, the workers were consulted before any changes were made, and productivity was massively increased, again due to the fact someone was taking an interest in them. The bank wiring group studies involved fourteen male workers and was very similar to the relay assembly group experiments. Finally he carried out the interviewing program, this involved interviewing every worker (21,000 in total), they were asked about their opinion of the company they worked for and their attitudes towards their managers, the results were closely analysed afterwards. Mayo had found a way to increase productivity through better working relations and better working conditions. Productivity increased as a result of the following :- Due to better working relations groups of workers worked harder, but what about personnel motivation During the war most of the young men were fighting, managers had to keep up with an incredible demand, they were given older retired workers and women, women had never been widely employed in factories before this time. Managers looked to researchers to get the maximum effort out of workers. Abraham Maslow (1908-1970) argued people do not just work for money, but for basic needs such as shelter, food for survival, and higher needs such as self esteem and confidence. This is called Maslows hierarchy of needs, Maslow describes fives types of needs arranged in a hierarchy, Maslow assumed people always wanted more, one level should be the motivator to the next. 1. Physical needs – basic needs such as food, water, shelter, air, rest, and sex. 2. Safety needs – freedom from fear of threats, security and stability (pensions and healthcare) 3. Social needs – the need for acceptance within a group, friendship, love affection and comfort when feeling down. 4. Esteem needs – the need for achievement and recognition, respect for yourself. Managers can achieve this through training and development. 5. Self actualisation needs – the need for a person to achieve their full potential, accomplishment and growth. Not everyone meets these needs through work, some might gain them through social activities with friends, and an activity such as playing in a football team may achieve this. However some people are happy after achieving the first level and are not motivated to the next level, while others strive to improve themselves, this was the flaw in Maslows theory. More researchers began to look at HRM, there was still a lot to be discovered, Maslow had started the work and now more people were following in his footsteps, they started to look at positive thinking and the way management treated workers. Douglas McGregor (1906-1964) looked at traditional management styles compared to newer ones, these were called theory x and theory y. He found old methods assumed people did not want to work, had to be closely supervised and did not take much pride in their work, this was called theory x, theory y was completely the opposite and argued people did want to work and got a lot of satisfaction from taking pride in their work. McGregor argued â€Å"if you treat workers as responsible and intelligent people who want to work, that is the way they will behave†. He also looked at achievers and successful people and suggested these people took responsibility for their work and set themselves moderate achievable goals, low achievers came from poor cultural backgrounds, poor education and felt they could not achieve any goals they set, they could however be achievers through training and development. we have looked at the development of management from the early 1900†³s up until present day. All management styles traditional or modern focus on efficiency and productivity. Traditional management includes bureaucratic management which relies very much on rules, procedures, discipline and hierarchy, this causes a clear division between workers and management and causes low productivity. Scientific management focused on the â€Å"one best way† to do a job and did not take into account that workers know how to do their work better than management, again this method causes low productivity. Modern day managers have regular meeting with staff to discuss any problems they have, and identify help where it is needed. This is Japanese style management e which emphasizes on HRM and increasing productivity, modern management still uses a lot of traditional theories though. Technology is rapidly changing management with the introduction of computers, global communications and the Internet. The skills a modern day manager needs are changing as rapid as technology, the workplace is becoming more informal where we socialise as well as work. Traditional management was strict with rules and authority which workers were afraid of, there was no contact between management and workers and it seemed they both had completely different goals to achieve. Companies now work together as a teem with a common goal of increasing profit. Modern day managers are flexible to meet employees needs, they motivate and encourage workers to succeed, they have confidence, charisma and are patient. Managers should posses counselling skills and nurture there workers, this is a more feminine approach and are called soft skills. Do modern day managers bear any relevance to traditional skills Although traditional management styles seem prehistoric compared to today they are still relevant, Maslows hierarchy of needs can be compared to the corporate ladder, more people choose careers instead of just a job. Mayo†s Hawthorne experiments eventually led to laws being made on working conditions (Health and safety at work act). McGregor†s theory x and theory y, all managers now assume people want to work and take pride in it to. If asked which is the most relevant I would argue Maslow, most people can relate to his theories as the corporate ladder and I feel it is widely used now as a personnel motivator for employees. As the millennium approaches managers are forming even closer links with employees with the use of soft skills. Companies invest a lot of money in training of staff and can receive grants from the government for this purpose, appraisals are now widely used to coach and motivate staff. Managers are empowering workers more to supervise themselves and be responsible for their own workload, this is partly because more people are working from home with new technology. Business is now thriving thanks to the work of researchers at the start of the century.

Lucky Luciano essays

Lucky Luciano essays Hes often called the greatest mobster ever to live. Although Lucky Luciano didnt go about it in a legal way he had his mind set on wealth and thats what he went for. Lucky was able to climb the ladder to become the boss of bosses in the mafia world and he took a whole new look at the way he wanted things to be ran. With the help of his childhood friend he would bring the mafia world together and halt the fighting between the main mafia families in America. Through his brilliant mind and his ways of violence he would begin to organize crime in new and radical ways, which would lead to the way organized crime was thought of and seen forever. Charles Lucky Luciano started with an honest job when he was seventeen, he was delivering ladies hats for man named Max Goodman. This all changed though when he met George Scanlon, a popular drug dealer that worked Luckys part of town. Lucky was interested in Scanlons life style and asked if he could work for him. Scanlon decided to give him a chance and Lucky started to deliver heroin in the bands of the hats he was delivering for Goodman. It was making him some easy money, but it wasnt long before it caught up with him. A friend of Luckys who was jealous of his money tipped off the cops and he was arrested outside of a poolroom, a popular hangout for addicts and pushers, and sentenced to a year in Hampton Farms Penitentiary. He was paroled six months later and that was his last arrest for twenty years and his start in the big time (Gosch Bootlegging was very popular during prohibition in 1920, and it made many gangsters a lot of money. Lucky was able to make his way near the top of the bootlegging industry through acquiring many infamous connections like: Guisseppe Doto Joe Adonis, Waxey Gordon, and Arnold Rothstein, the man who fixed the 1918 World Series. With conne ...

Females Roles As Depicted in the Painting and in the Article essay

Females Roles As Depicted in the Painting and in the Article essay Females Roles As Depicted in the Painting and in the Article essay Females Roles As Depicted in the Painting and in the Article essayWomen   Ã‚  had great influence on the formation of modernism in the art history.   Griselda Pollock proves it in her article Modernity and the Spaces of Femininity. According to the author, â€Å"Modernity is presented as a far more than a sense of being â€Å"up to date.†1 Female images take a special place in the representation of modernism in art. Modernity deals with both: male and female sexuality, but there is a close relationship between modernism, modernity and sexuality. Griselda Pollock focuses on the analysis of the art pieces, which reflect the usage of female images. There are several important arguments made by the author of the article in relation to the role of female images and femininity in modernism and modernity.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   First, the author states   that â€Å"sexuality, modernism or modernity cannot function as given categories to which we add wome n.†2 From the men’s perspective, women are presented differently because of social difference that plays an important role in gender relations. Artists use different dimensions of femininity which prove   that women play an important role in the art formation. Mary Cassatt and Berthe Morisot are the most important impressionist female artists of the 19th century. They both use the female perspective to depict women and female way of life. Both, Mary Cassatt and Berthe Morisot depict things which surround women in their everyday life: they use â€Å"dining rooms, drawing rooms, bedrooms, balconies/verandas, private gardens† to portray the female’s leisure life. From this paintings, we can clearly see the limitation of space and location in the female’s life.   Ã‚  Female impressionist artists could create their pieces of art only in limited domestic space and private area. They did not have equal conditions with male artists, because women used t o have lower social status in comparison to   men.   In the art practice their homes and their private areas   Ã‚  immediately become the   subject matter of the domestic   life. From the later discussion in the article, the appearance of women is discussed. Same as in the theater, we see the females   Ã‚  are often   sat in the backstage. We   do not have the chance to view them from the   close distance. Therefore there is still inequality between man and omen ad they do not possess equal social standing.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Secondly, the author states that â€Å"femininity is not the natural condition of female persons.† 4 Women are represented as sexual objects and â€Å"they are positioned as the object of the flaneur’s gaze.† Men are free to gaze at women and this way we may speak about sexual discrimination.   For example in the western traditional art, the male artists traditionally use female nudity as a   s ubject in their paintings. They use it to satisfy male’s ambitions   and to give   pleasure to the viewers. The artists use female images to highlight the role of female identity in the assessment of male superiority.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thirdly, the rights of men and women are not equal and women are regarded as a   lower social class. There were no   protection for women, in addition,   Ã‚  Ã‚  women felt unsafe entering a public sphere: â€Å"such as the masked ball or the cafe-concert constituted a serious threat to a bourgeois woman’s reputation, etc.†   Weak   position and the lower social standing   of females in the society limited their opportunities. In the society of that time males   were free to do anything they wanted.   Ã‚  All these factors  Ã‚   illustrate the lower position of the women   and the power of males in the society. Also, Griselda Pollock argues that â€Å"femininity in its class-speci fic forms is maintained by the polarity virgin/whore which is mystifying representation of the economic exchanges in the patriarchal kinship system.†5 Therefore money and property influence human relations, especially marriage relations. Femininity can be defines as the ideology of female sexuality.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Lastly, the author states that femininity had a strong impact on women’s lives as it reflects   the roles of women, their status and the effects of their sexuality.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the Eva Gonzeles’s painting â€Å"A Box at the Italian Theatre†, we see   a woman sitting in the centre, accompanied by a man standing next to her. This painting, does   not clearly show   the difference and inequality of females and males.   Here, the woman is depicted in a public area, in the Italian Theatre; moreover   the settings of   Ã‚  the women’s domestic life from the reading is changed here. From the viewer’s perspecti ve the female and male are standing in the same space. At the same time there are characteristic features form the painting which can give us more information about the   male and female social roles of that time. These two figures are   depicted in the same horizontal line, but they are depicted differently. The female figure is looking straightly at the viewer, but the male is turning his body and looking in a different direction. So, we can see that woman is watching a show and man is looking in some other direction. This way,   the painting   examines the â€Å"splitting of private and public with its double freedom for men in the public space, and the preeminence of a detached observing gaze, etc.†   The facial expression of female from the painting does not show anything extraordinary. She is watching performance and is totally centered on what she observes.     Male figure looks relaxed and   distorted.   He is looking at some other things, paying lit tle attention to the actions on the stage. A certain difference in the depiction of   Ã‚  women and men can be found.   Ã‚  Ã‚  The freedom of men in any space, any location and the freedom of male’s gaze. They have the right to look at any things at any time in any space. Unlike the women,   who are not free in their postures, gestures and desires. Moreover,    «they were never positioned as the normal occupants of the public realm.† Therefore in this painting, although the female and male figures are   Ã‚  placed in the same position in space, their postures and gestures, same as things they are looking at show their unequal positions.  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the Pollock’s article of Modernity and the Spaces of Femininity and the Eva Gonzales’s painting, we may find descriptions of     social inequality and   social discrimination of women in the 19th century society.

Essay on Intel’s Site Selection Decision in Latin America

Essay on Intel’s Site Selection Decision in Latin America Essay on Intel’s Site Selection Decision in Latin America Essay on Intel’s Site Selection Decision in Latin AmericaQ1. Why is Intel interested in investing internationally? Why does the company want to invest in Latin America?The speed of competition in the microprocessor segment of hardware industry is very intensive. According to Moore’s law, the power of microprocessors which is pushed by the laws of competitive market doubles every 18 months (Nelson, 2000). Intel is the market leader and in order to retain its leadership, the company needs to invest into RD and open new centers of production simultaneously. International investments allow Intel to get the most of international specialization and diversify its production; Intel can use the advantages of different regions such as engineering achievements and management talents in the United States, availability of supplies and labor in Asia, etc.Since investing both into RD and expanding manufacturing volumes is expensive, Intel has to consider new locations with lower manuf acturing costs. Latin America has a number of advantages in this sense: low cost of labor, availability of labor, logistical and time closeness to the United States (Nelson, 2000). In addition, Intel already had several centers in Asia but did not enter Latin America yet, so it would be a reasonable step towards improving international diversification of the business.Q2. What characteristics does the company seek in a country where it will locate its investment?It is reasonable to pay attention to the following factors in the target country: economic and political stability, labor regulations and labor unions, the presence and availability of educated/skilled workforce and the country’s infrastructure. For some companies, it might be necessary to assess the demand for a particular product or service; yet, for Intel, in the considered case, local demand was not important since the microprocessors were intended for export (Nelson, 2000).The characteristics required from the cou ntry selected for locating the investments also include: low or at least moderate level of criminal activity, good (or at least neutral) attitude to expatriates, low level of corruption, the absence of other security risks such as elevated criminal activity, good roads/airports and the availability of transportation means (cars, trucks, planes). One of the important aspects for choosing the country for virtually any company is the level of taxation, taxes for international investors and the presence of tax incentives for the considered business. In addition, it is necessary to consider the impact of cultural factors on future collaboration (for example, using Hofstede’s model of cultural dimensions and differences).Q3. What are the pros of each country on Intel’s short list?There were 4 countries on Intel’s short-list: Costa Rica, Brazil, Chile and Mexico (Nelson, 2000). The pros of Costa Rica included: political stability, availability of talented engineers and the presence of a powerful technology-focused organization (CINDE) in the country (Nelson, 2000). Additional advantages of Costa Rica included educational flexibility, low level of labor unionization, good level of general English proficiency and generous incentives for investors. With regard to Brazil, key advantages were: high availability of technical personnel, tax incentives for computer industry (yet no tax exemptions), the presence of many other technology companies and good infrastructure.The pros of Chile for Intel were advanced infrastructure, sophisticated engineering training programs and low unionization (Nelson, 2000). Finally, the advantages of Mexico included a very advantageous location in Mexican Silicon Valley, the presence of many other large computing companies in this area, the presence of expatriates, great infrastructure, impressive supply of skilled engineers and technicians and governmental support of technological investments.

Why are Hollywood movies so popular Do you think Hollywood movies are Essay

Why are Hollywood movies so popular Do you think Hollywood movies are the representation of US imperialism Or the representation of universal values - Essay Example It is suggested that undeveloped societies subscribe to value systems and institutions that hinder the development process. (Van) The modernization first appeared in the 1950s, even raised in the 1990s.It has grown significantly making the world a global village. With the presence of the members of the fourth estate. The 1960’s saw a great push for social change. Movies during this time focused on fun, fashion, rock n’ roll, societal shifts like the civil rights movements, and transitions in cultural values. It was also a time of change in the world’s perception of America and its culture, largely influenced by the Vietnam War and continuous shifts in governmental power. The modernization theory explain how society progresses through the adaption of new technologies, economic growth, improvement in living standards and infrastructural development, literacy and cultural development, national identity development. (Anonymous) Historically, the legend of Hollywood began in the early 20th century and it has become an earmark of modern American society rich in history, innovation and technological advancement. The origin of movies and motion pictures began in the late 1800’s, with the invention of â€Å"motion toys† designed to trick the eye into seeing an illusion of motion from a display of still frames. This revealed a significant use of technology. According to the modernization theory, there was greater shift in the social change that was brought by the advancement in technology. By the end of the 1980’s, it was generally recognized that films of that time were intended for audiences who sought simple entertainment, as most pictures were unoriginal and formulaic. (Anonymous) Therefore, many studios sought to capitalize on advancements in special effects technology, instead of taking risks on experimental or thought-provoking concepts VCR’s were still popular at this time, and profits from video rentals were higher than the sales of

Project Mgmt Discussion Topic - Week 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Project Mgmt Discussion Topic - Week 3 - Essay Example When members of a group are united and committed to achieving and performing their roles and responsibilities on time, they normally achieve the best results by the end of the day. Secondly, group rewards also ensure that the best results are delivered on a specific project. This is because consist of members with expertise in different fields; therefore it takes a short time to deliver the expected results. Unlike individual rewards, group’s rewards ensure that employees in a team interact and develop long lasting professional relationships with other employees when working on a project. Further, group rewards act as a source of motivation for the employees working together on a project (Parker, McAdams & Zielinski, 2000). This ensures that employees are fully satisfied and that they have achieved their expected levels of career development within their set timelines. Therefore, I believe that project managers should emphasize on group reward in order to achieve the outlined above benefits by the end of each project and in the

I do not have one Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

I do not have one - Essay Example Prosecution includes jail term and fines and in Chris Brown’s case, the accused received years of probation as well as six months in community service. Protective orders were issued out to contain Chris’s behavior. This measure is in line with court actions on those found guilty of domestic violence (Weiss, 23). Many people ask themselves why the victims of the violence do not just leave. This may seem like an easy decision but as analysts say, this is not an easy decision. In our case, we see that Rihanna is adamant to leave an abusive relationship and she proudly tell other people to not interfere with her affairs (Weiss, 40). She claims that people often misjudge cases of domestic violence. They do not think of the perpetrator as requiring help. This is usually the case where the perpetrator requires help and counseling. It is commendable to see that they got back together after Chris Brown got back from probation and they even recorded a song together. Hence domestic violence issues can be resolved and a couple lives happily ever after (Weiss,

Monty python and the Holy Grail Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Monty python and the Holy Grail - Essay Example The main idea brought out by Blythe and Sweet is that the best way to understand and think of the swimmer is through the quest for the Holy Grail. The whole essay is mostly concentrated on relating The Swimmer to the Holy Grail. This idea is driven by the act of Neddy being helped by the old wise man, but not paying attention to his assistance, and the way he refuses to comprehend his inspiration and quest. On the other hand, the knights behave in a completely opposite manner from Neddy. These factors are what links Neddy to the Grail quest. The authors show how the Swimmer can be a story about a certain myth, and at the same time go through a critical examination and linking the Swimmer to the quest of the Holy Grail. In Cheever’s story, the lifestyle portrayed is hedonistic and sybaritic, involving a lot of drinking and partying. The cup is viewed as the Grail symbol, and here, it’s used for selfish enjoyment. Cheever uses a language that makes him Grail hero when int roducing his protagonist. Neddy Merrill has the feeling that he is a man with a destiny. Cheever insists that Neddy is a unique figure because of his youth slenderness and he has the physical ability to dive headfirst into the pool, displaying his swimming skills. He also has a wife, daughters and a mistress, which makes him a grail hero. As a Grail hero, Neddy begins his quest, but because he is drunk, he believes he can get to his home by water. His quest was a selfish one since he was doing everything just for himself.

Dark Tourism in Prague Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Dark Tourism in Prague - Essay Example ke the basic scenario of a fire in an apartment, it is just normal many people will run towards the scene to either assist, get answers or simply just look. Such is the attention dark tourism has achieved amongst scholars, humanitarians and adventurers all over the world. In Prague, the Church of SS Cyril and Methodius is one such site and has even been ranked Best Dark Tourism site by the country’s Tourism authority. (Hannam & Knox 2010, 28).the site acted has a rich history content regarding the assassination of Reichsprotektor Heydrich. These are not the only centres in Prague. Evidently, the increased demand in dark tourism in Prague has been boosted by the number of the sites this country harbours (Martina 2011, 02). An increase in these centres simply means more place s to visit for the tourists. In a bid to access the rich history in Prague’s dark sites, tourists have flocked the country to have a piece of these fascinating stories. Some of these Dark sides include: The aim of this research is to explore dark Tourism in Prague, view all the effects of this practice of economic, social and political life in Prague. This is because of the vast stories every center holds therefore tourists are bound to learn a lot from their visits. Therefore, the ability of these sites to attract tourists must be outlined to discuss the increase demand for tourists in Prague. I am interested in dark tourism in Prague because I find it quite intriguing that areas associated with death could spur interest in people. Furthermore, I think these places harbor vast historical content that I aim at making

Recycling Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Recycling - Research Paper Example An understanding of the term recycling is essential, as it is the base of our argument (Goldsmith, 2010). Recycling refers to the conversion of waste products into new materials. It is the separation, collection and subsequent transformation or manufacturing of waste products into usable products. The transformed usable products are of market value. The materials are converted into, either a secondary product or the same product. The recycled material replaces the virgin material during the usage or manufacturing process. Recycling is essential to industries and society in meeting their goals of efficient management of the limited resources, the cost reduction, and reduced landfill utilization (Donald, 2001). Therefore, recycling is the process of converting wastes or useless products into useful products for humans. The process will help reduce consumption of raw materials, reduce energy consumption, and reduce greenhouse gas emission of global warming pollution (Isayev & Khait, 2005). The process is a cycle made up of three main stages. Collecting and sorting is the first stage. Here, there is the collection, then processing and sorting of waste materials to the type for the use. The second stage is the manufacturing stage. At this stage, the collected and the sorted materials pass through manufacturing. Lastly, we have the selling or providing the recycled products to the consumers. The purchase of the materials ends the cycle (Bertolini, Delalande & Hubesch, 2009). Recycling is important in environmental protection. It helps in waste reduction and reusing of materials. The process reduces the need for extraction, refining, and the need for processing the raw materials that causes a substantial water and air pollution. An importance of such processes helps to reduce the level of pollution from the waste. For instance, it prevents the greenhouse gasses and the harmful chemicals

Monty python and the Holy Grail Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Monty python and the Holy Grail - Essay Example The main idea brought out by Blythe and Sweet is that the best way to understand and think of the swimmer is through the quest for the Holy Grail. The whole essay is mostly concentrated on relating The Swimmer to the Holy Grail. This idea is driven by the act of Neddy being helped by the old wise man, but not paying attention to his assistance, and the way he refuses to comprehend his inspiration and quest. On the other hand, the knights behave in a completely opposite manner from Neddy. These factors are what links Neddy to the Grail quest. The authors show how the Swimmer can be a story about a certain myth, and at the same time go through a critical examination and linking the Swimmer to the quest of the Holy Grail. In Cheever’s story, the lifestyle portrayed is hedonistic and sybaritic, involving a lot of drinking and partying. The cup is viewed as the Grail symbol, and here, it’s used for selfish enjoyment. Cheever uses a language that makes him Grail hero when int roducing his protagonist. Neddy Merrill has the feeling that he is a man with a destiny. Cheever insists that Neddy is a unique figure because of his youth slenderness and he has the physical ability to dive headfirst into the pool, displaying his swimming skills. He also has a wife, daughters and a mistress, which makes him a grail hero. As a Grail hero, Neddy begins his quest, but because he is drunk, he believes he can get to his home by water. His quest was a selfish one since he was doing everything just for himself.

Recycling Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Recycling - Research Paper Example An understanding of the term recycling is essential, as it is the base of our argument (Goldsmith, 2010). Recycling refers to the conversion of waste products into new materials. It is the separation, collection and subsequent transformation or manufacturing of waste products into usable products. The transformed usable products are of market value. The materials are converted into, either a secondary product or the same product. The recycled material replaces the virgin material during the usage or manufacturing process. Recycling is essential to industries and society in meeting their goals of efficient management of the limited resources, the cost reduction, and reduced landfill utilization (Donald, 2001). Therefore, recycling is the process of converting wastes or useless products into useful products for humans. The process will help reduce consumption of raw materials, reduce energy consumption, and reduce greenhouse gas emission of global warming pollution (Isayev & Khait, 2005). The process is a cycle made up of three main stages. Collecting and sorting is the first stage. Here, there is the collection, then processing and sorting of waste materials to the type for the use. The second stage is the manufacturing stage. At this stage, the collected and the sorted materials pass through manufacturing. Lastly, we have the selling or providing the recycled products to the consumers. The purchase of the materials ends the cycle (Bertolini, Delalande & Hubesch, 2009). Recycling is important in environmental protection. It helps in waste reduction and reusing of materials. The process reduces the need for extraction, refining, and the need for processing the raw materials that causes a substantial water and air pollution. An importance of such processes helps to reduce the level of pollution from the waste. For instance, it prevents the greenhouse gasses and the harmful chemicals

The Goal Book Report Essay Example for Free

The Goal Book Report Essay Actually Alex’s plant has not been profitable for some time and because of that Bill gives an ultimatum to Alex to turn the plant around in 3 months or else the plant will be closed unless there are visible improvements. Due to the limited amount of time given, Alex almost gives up on the plant until Alex remembers his conversation with Jonah, his college physics professor. They happened to come across each other in the airport during Alex’s business trip. During that time, Jonah asked him several question to analyze his company situation. This conversation then leads Jonah asking Alex, â€Å"What is the goal of your manufacturing company? † Although Jonah didn’t give the answer to Alex but eventually Alex get the answer after rethinking their conversation. Alex realizes that the goal of his company or in fact any business is to make money. After finding out the answer, Alex then decide to contact Jonah one more time to consult further about his company. After contacting Jonah, Alex gets three measurements that can determine the success of a business. The three measurements are throughput, or â€Å"the rate at which the system generates money through sales,† inventory, or â€Å"all the money that system has invested in purchasing things which it intends to sell,† and operational expense, or â€Å"all the money the system spends in order to turn inventory into throughput†. Using these measurements, Alex has a basis to determine if his decisions are helping the plant move towards the goal. The goal of the  plant is to make money, which is characterized by increasing throughput and decreasing inventory and operational expense. Alex decided to meet with Jonah in New York in order to fix their plant problem. But once again, Jonah leaves Alex with another question, what does the combination of dependent events and statistical fluctuations have to do with your plant? During the weekend, Alex went to a hiking trip with his son and got stuck as a ‘troop master’. During the hiking, Alex discovers Alex discovers the importance of dependent events in relation to statistical fluctuations. With this discovery, he also found out that the bottleneck’s speed of production is what determines the speed of the other dependents. Hence, inventory moves very slowly because of statistical fluctuations. Back to the plant, Alex with his team begins their search for their plant’s bottlenecks. Then they found one the machine (NCX-10) and the heat treatment as the source plant’s bottlenecks. Alex invites Jonah to visit his plant in order to solve their bottlenecks problem. Jonah define bottleneck as any resource whose capacity is equal to or less than the demand placed upon it and a non-bottleneck is any resource whose capacity is greater than the demand placed on it. With Jonah’s help, Alex and his team able to solve their bottlenecks problem such as perform the quality control testing before going into the bottleneck, do not produce parts for inventory produce only what is in demand, produce smaller batches to increase productivity for the whole process, etc. One thing that they also learn from Jonah is that an hour lost at a bottleneck is an hour lost to the whole system. So, it is important to keep the bottleneck to keep moving all the times. With these changes in Alex’s plant, they are able to increase their production during the second and third month. With the increase of production in their plant, Alex able to save his plant and he also promoted to Bill peach’s position. Regarding his personal life, Alex described as a dedicated and workaholic employee. His dedication to his work posed some family problems: losing time for his wife aside from her not being used to living at his hometown where there is a big difference from the city life his wife is used to. At one point, Julie, Alex’s wife leaves him because she’s tired of arguing and her attempt to save their marriage. However, while Alex tries to save his plant, Alex also does the same thing with his marriage. II. Things I liked about the book What I liked about the book is that the book very informative and it is really easy to read. I think this book will be one of effective way to learn about management. Because it is the most efficient way to understand the challenges involved in the manufacturing processes. Unlike many books that take complicated ideas and oversimplify them so the ideas lose their meaning, this book simplifies ideas in ways that enhance their meaning by making the ideas easier to see and employ. Another thing that I really like from this author is that he able to turn a relatively boring subject for some people to an exciting read. One more thing that I like is the way the author describe the characters in the story. I think many readers can relate to the characters in the book since what happen in the story is also happening in the real world. And the last one is I liked how the author include Alex personal life problem in the story. I think what the author trying to do is to inform his reader that there must be balance between personal life and work life. You have to balance your personal life and work life, because eventually they will flow in and out of each environment. III. Critique of the book I don’t think I have any critique for the book since the book really helps me in understanding how management really works. One thing that I might complain might be some typo errors in the book. IV. Real life example From the book, we can see that the concept that Jonah gave can be apply not only for business problem but also problems that we deal within our daily life. I think we can definitely see it from the book during the hiking trip. I think what we can do is asking ourselves with the question of â€Å"what is my goal in life, work, study and other things that we do? † As a student, I think I can apply some of the concept in my studying. When I took a subject, the first thing that I want to know is what is my goal in taking this subject? After knowing that, if ever I encounter some problem like a probability of failing the subjects, I have to identify the source of my problem. Knowing the source of my problem will make it easier for me to decide how or what can I do in order to fix my problem.

The Discipline of Nursing Professional Boundaries

The Discipline of Nursing Professional Boundaries As professionals in health care, the nurses aim is to have a therapeutic relationship with the patient, where boundaries of the relationship are strictly safe and within the code of ethics. Such boundaries are called professional boundaries that are defined as the spaces between the nurses power and the clients vulnerability. Establishing these boundaries provide the nurse with authority to allow a confidential and professional therapeutic relationship with the patient (The National Council of State Boards of Nursing 2010, p. 25). To avoid breaches and infringement, these boundaries must be maintained throughout clinical practices and placements. The Australian Nursing and Midwifery Council, also known as ANMC, (cited in Kralik van Loon 2008, p. 76) define professional boundaries as the limit of a relationship between a nurse and an individual or between a nurse and any significant other persons, which facilitates safe and therapeutic practice and results in safe and effective care. In regards to nursing, the ANMC (cited in Levett-Jones Bourgeois, 2009, p. 103) advocates that professional boundaries are related to the responsibility, performance, morals and actions from the nurse and must be maintained when working with vulnerable individuals. To ensure a professional environment between the nurse and patient, a code of conduct, as well as a set of policies and ethics, are put in place. Daly, Speedy Jackson (2006, p. 131) states that nursing ethics can be defined broadly as the examination of all kinds of ethical (and bioethical) issues from the perspective of nursing theory and practice. The most important organizations in Australia that create policies for nurses and other health care professionals to abide by, are the Australian Nursing and Midwifery Council (ANMC), the National Council of State Boards of Nursing, the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA). The policies, as spoken by the ANMC, is generated and expected for nurses to uphold both within and outside of professional domains in order to ensure the good standing of the nursing profession (ANMC 2008, p.1). If the organizations code isnt followed, it will establish a breaching of boundaries and professional misconduct, which is defined as the unethical, immoral and improper actions outside of the nurses practice (ANMC 2008, p.2). The continuum of professional behaviors is an evaluation tool for nurses to assess the interaction between the client and the nurse. Seen in this continuum, the zone in the middle is called the zone of helpfulness where it verifies if the behavior towards the patient, demonstrated by the nurse, is safe and professional. Breaching of boundaries can be on either side of the zone of helpfulness where on the left hand side is under-involvement and towards the right hand side is over-involvement. Both ends of the continuum generally involve violating and breaching the borders of a therapeutic relationship and are harmful and damaging to both the nurse and the patient (Oregon Sate Board of Nursing 2010, p.12). Under-involvement is mostly seen when the patient is feeling neglected and isolated. Predominantly, when the nurse abandons the patient, there is a lack of care, which in turn, may be able to increase health risks for the patient. For example, ignoring the patient during two-hourly bed turns could cause bedsores on the patients body or paying no attention to the patients strict diet could cause food allergies. Disregarding the patient is detrimental to their health and may also be damaging to the nurse (National Council of State Boards of Nursing 2010 p. 25). Boundary violations are on the over-involvement side of the continuum and are breaches that, at times, intend to harm the patient and sometimes occur when the nurses needs are met instead of the patients. An example of such violations can include the nurse providing personal information or feelings to the patient, accepting a gift from the patient or engaging in a sexual relationship with the patient. As health care providers, patients are more susceptible to boundary violations because of vulnerability, high dependency on the nurse and low stability on their mental and emotional state (Nurse Together 2011). Vulnerable individuals are most important when working with professional boundaries. In the health care profession, vulnerable individuals are usually those that have an extended length of stay or treatment, but can also be those that are of old age, have a high dependency on the nurse, have past trauma or injuries, a high severity of illness and/or a low stability on their emotional and mental state. (Holden Schenthal 2007, p. 28) There are many different strategies for a nurse to utilize during clinical placements. The American Nurses Association (cited in Holden, KV Schenthal, SJ, 2007 p. 25) says that when acting within ones role as a professional, the nurse should recognize and maintain boundaries that establish appropriate limits to relationships. For vulnerable individuals, Nurse Together (2011) advocates that boundaries can be maintained by many tools such as using an approachable and professional tone and by having a clear distinction of the professional relationship and the role of the nurse and as the patient. The tone of the nurse can be interpreted in many different ways, thus has the ability to breach the professional boundary between the nurse and the patient. If the nurse is talking with an interested, over-friendly and flirtatious tone, it can be interpreted it as becoming over-involved with the patient as it is engaging in a sexual relationship with the patient. The nurse should always act in the best interest of the client and be cognizant of their feelings and behavior. Nurses should always be aware of the patient and their culture. For example, a patient with different beliefs may view an action in a different manner, which therefore has the ability to become a potential catalyst to an unprofessional relationship (Oregon State Board of Nursing 200 p.14). Therefore, to maintain professional boundaries with vulnerable individuals, nurses should keep within the zone of helpfulness by having a clear distinction that the relationship with the patient is kept professional and the nurse is the health care worker, not the patient. As a nurse, there are boundaries that must be conserved to have a professional therapeutic relationship with the vulnerable patient throughout clinical placements and/or clinical practices. Organizations such as ANMC and AHPRA generate policies to enable the nurse to take care of a patient at an optimal level and not be over or under involved. If, however, there is a violation of these boundaries, it is considered as professional misconduct. Maintaining these boundaries is important for risk management, quality assurance, client satisfaction and agency resource utilization (Clark et. al, cited in Kralik van Loon 2007, p. 76).

Struggle in The River Between Essay -- River Between Essays

Struggle in The River Between  Ã‚   In the book "The River Between" we find traditional values of the tribe challenged by tribal members who had converted to Christianity. The novel focuses on the struggle between two conflicting interests: First there was the interest to convert Africans to Christianity, and the second was the tribe trying to keep their traditional values in the midst of Christianity. The most contrasting characters in the story were Waiyaki and Joshua. Waiyaki was a strong influence on the people of the land, and his father, Chege, was a man who had powerful visions of his son's future: "Salvation shall come from the hills ... Arise. Heed the prophecy" (Pg. 20). Waiyaki’s father put the burden of this prophecy on his son's shoulders. The realization of his role in this prophecy happened to Waiyaki in the end of the novel: " ... the journey with his father, the ancient prophecy and his bewilderment at its meaning" (Pg. 138). "Now he knew what he would preach if he ever got another chance: Education for unity. Unity for political freedom" (Pg. 143). Chege told Waiyaki to learn from the white people, but not to become involved in their vices: "Learn all the wisdom and all the secrets of the white man. But do not follow his vices" (Pg. 20). Waiyaki began to learn that knowledge and learning was important in order for his people to become victorious over the invasion of the white man. Waiyaki also understood that the traditions o f the tribe is what kept their people together, it was their roots: "Circumcision was an important ritual to the tribe. It kept people together, bound the tribe ... End the custom and the spiritual basis of the tribes cohesion and integration would be no more" (Pg. 68). And even tho... ...ormed, so the Western revolutions in both religion and government were gladly accepted by the Western cultures. But the Western invaders never realized how old these civilizations were that they were intruding upon, and they never realized that African, Chinese, or American Indian's cultures were thousands of years old. Western cultures have impacted many countries, such as India, for when the ancient invaders came to the land, such as the Aryans, eastern Indians accepted some of their beliefs, and they were even integrated into Indian society. But when modern Western cultures came into contact with India, particularly the British, they eventually took over the government and made the Indians second rate citizens. And until the 20th century India was under their control. So Western cultures have definitely had an influencing impact on other cultures.       Struggle in The River Between Essay -- River Between Essays Struggle in The River Between  Ã‚   In the book "The River Between" we find traditional values of the tribe challenged by tribal members who had converted to Christianity. The novel focuses on the struggle between two conflicting interests: First there was the interest to convert Africans to Christianity, and the second was the tribe trying to keep their traditional values in the midst of Christianity. The most contrasting characters in the story were Waiyaki and Joshua. Waiyaki was a strong influence on the people of the land, and his father, Chege, was a man who had powerful visions of his son's future: "Salvation shall come from the hills ... Arise. Heed the prophecy" (Pg. 20). Waiyaki’s father put the burden of this prophecy on his son's shoulders. The realization of his role in this prophecy happened to Waiyaki in the end of the novel: " ... the journey with his father, the ancient prophecy and his bewilderment at its meaning" (Pg. 138). "Now he knew what he would preach if he ever got another chance: Education for unity. Unity for political freedom" (Pg. 143). Chege told Waiyaki to learn from the white people, but not to become involved in their vices: "Learn all the wisdom and all the secrets of the white man. But do not follow his vices" (Pg. 20). Waiyaki began to learn that knowledge and learning was important in order for his people to become victorious over the invasion of the white man. Waiyaki also understood that the traditions o f the tribe is what kept their people together, it was their roots: "Circumcision was an important ritual to the tribe. It kept people together, bound the tribe ... End the custom and the spiritual basis of the tribes cohesion and integration would be no more" (Pg. 68). And even tho... ...ormed, so the Western revolutions in both religion and government were gladly accepted by the Western cultures. But the Western invaders never realized how old these civilizations were that they were intruding upon, and they never realized that African, Chinese, or American Indian's cultures were thousands of years old. Western cultures have impacted many countries, such as India, for when the ancient invaders came to the land, such as the Aryans, eastern Indians accepted some of their beliefs, and they were even integrated into Indian society. But when modern Western cultures came into contact with India, particularly the British, they eventually took over the government and made the Indians second rate citizens. And until the 20th century India was under their control. So Western cultures have definitely had an influencing impact on other cultures.      

New Payment Methods in Health System and Quality of Care :: Argumentative Persuasive Government Papers

New Payment Methods in Health System and Quality of Care Introduction For the purpose of this article I will make some generalizations and I will define some words to facilitate the reading and understanding. These definitions are not intended to be exhaustive and must be understood only in the context of this article. In America health has had its own evolution, passing from the personal relationship between a physician and a patient to a complex system with many actors. As technology developed, on one hand, the costs increased and patients or their families weren’t able to pay by themselves. As a consequence, new payers, such as Government and employers appeared in the health industry. But once again, one treatment could be so expensive, that the resources of a small employer wouldn’t be enough to cover it, and his business could get in financial risk. Consequently, the typical insurers began to play their own role: The affiliation of large number of people paying a fixed premium per person and period of time, regardless the cost of the treatments needed by each of their affiliates. A patient could choose the provider, pay the treatment by itself, and later the insurer reimbursed him the cost of it. If the number of affiliates is high, the probability of a high cost treatment becom es more standard or predictable and the excess of money the insurer earns with people who pay and don’t get sick can absorb its costs. This is known as the â€Å"big numbers† law. On the other hand, physicians became more specialized, and needed more technology not affordable on an individual basis. Now we have physicians, nurses, hospices, clinics, hospitals and complex systems joining all them in order to provide the care needed by patients. For the purpose of this article I’ll call all of them providers. Cost continued increasing, the relations between these actors continued changing, and the characteristics of each of them too. In the side of the insurers, in the 1980’s, the Health Maintenance Organizations or HMO’s appeared. Despite their differences, in the beginning most had similar characteristics: they were non-profit organizations providing care to their affiliates with a selected net of providers and special rules and procedures that patients and providers should follow in order to accept the service and pay the provider. Recently, in the search to achieve the key objective of cost containment, the

Lamarsh Solution Chap7

LAMARSH SOLUTIONS CHAPTER-7 PART-1 7. 1 Look at example 7. 1 in the textbook,only the moderator materials are different Since the reactor is critical, k ? ? ? T f ? 1 ?T ? 2. 065 from table 6. 3 so f ? 0. 484 We will use t d ? t dM (1 ? f ) and t dM from table 7. 1 t dM,D2O ? 4. 3e ? 2; t dM,Be ? 3. 9e ? 3; t dM,C ? 0. 017 Then, t d,D2O =0. 022188sec;t d,Be =2. 0124e-3sec;t d,C ? 8. 772e ? 3sec 7. 5 One? delayed? neutron group reactivity equation; ?lp 1 ? ?lp ? ? ? where ? ? 0. 0065; ? ? 0. 1sec? 1 1 ? ?lp ? ? ? For lp ? 0. 0sec For lp ? 0. 0001sec For lp ? 0. 001sec Note:In this question examine the figure 7. and see that to give a constant period value ,say 1 sec,you should give much more reactivity as p. neutron lifet ime increases. And it is strongl recommended that before exam,study figure 7. 1 . 7. 8 ? ? 2e ? 4 from figure 7. 2 so you can ignore jump in power(flux) in this positive reactivity insertion situation t P Pf ? Pi e T then t=ln f ? T ? 3. 456hr Pi 7. 10 In eq 7. 19 p rompt neutrons:(1-? )k ? ? a ? T delayed neutrons:p? C ? in a critical reactor(from 7. 21) ?k ? ? dC ? 0 ? C ? ? a T ? p? C ? ? k ? ? a ? T dt p? ? s T ? (1-? )k ? ? a ? T ? ? k ? ? a ? T ? ? ? prompt delayedNow you can compare their values prompt (1-? ) ? delayed ? LAMARSH SOLUTIONS CHAPTER-7 PART-2 7. 12 P0? t 1 P(t) ? e in here ? ? then, and ? ? T t P0 T P(t) ? e in here take T=-80sec ? 1? ? t ? P0 P0 ? 10 ? e 80 ? t ? 25. 24 min . 1 ? (? 5) ?9 7. 14 k ? ,0 ? pf 0 ,critical state k ? ,1 ? pf1 ,original state k ? ,1 ? 1 k ? ,1 ? k ? ,1 ? k ? ,0 k ? ,1 ? pf1 ? pf 0 f ? 1? 0 pf1 f1 ?a1F ?a 0 F f1 ? F f0 ? and we know ? a1F =0. 95 ? a 0 F and finally, M F M ? a1 ? ? a ?a 0 ? ?a f0 1 0. 95? a 0 F ? ?a M 1? ? 1? ( ) f1 0. 95 ? a 0 F ? ?a M 7. 16 20 min? 60sec/ min ? 1731. 6sec. ln 2 )From fig 7. 2 rectivity is small so small reactivity assumption can be used as, 1 1 T= ? ?i t i ? ? 0. 0848(from table 7. 3)=4. 89e-5=4. 89e-3% ?i 1731. 6 4. 89e-5 also in dollars= ? 7. 52e ? 3$ ? 0. 752cents 0. 0065(U235) t T a)2P0 ? P0e ? T ? 7. 17 8hr ? 60 min? 60sec 8hr ? 60 min? 60sec ?T? ? 6253. 8sec(very large) T ln100 b)We will make small reactivity insertion approximation using the insight given by figure 7. 2 for U-235 so, 1 1 T= ? ?i t i ? ? 0. 0324(from table 7. 3)=5. 18e-6 ?i 6253. 8 a)100MW ? 1MWe 7. 18 a)From fig 7. 1 when ? ? 0 ? 1 ? 0 so T= 1 ?T ?1 b)Use prompt jump approximation, t tP0? T P0 T 10watts (300? 100)sec P(t)= e? e? e 100sec ? 82watts ? 0. 099 1? 1? ? 1 c)Use T=-80sec. 300)sec t t P0? T P0 T 82watts ? (t ? 80sec P(t)= e? e? e ? 8 1? 1 ? (? ) ? 1 LAMARSH SOLUTIONS CHAPTER-7 PART-3 7. 20 Insert 7. 56 into 7. 57 and plot reactivity vs rod radius Using eq. 7. 57 and 7. 56 we plotted and found the radius value for 10% reactivity=3. 9 cm reactivity vs rod radius(a) 0. 14 0. 12 X: 3. 9 Y: 0. 1004 reactivity 0. 1 0. 08 0. 06 0. 04 0. 02 0 0 0. 5 1 1. 5 2 2. 5 rod radius 3 3. 5 4 4. 5 5 7. 23 a)For a slab this equation is solved you know as, x xq ?T (x) ? A1 sinh( ) ? A 2 cosh( ) ?T then to find the constants you must introduce L L ? a 2 boundary conditions 1 d? T 1 d? T 1 B. C. 1: ? 0 @ x=0 and B. C. 2: ? ? @ x=(m/2)-a ?T dx ?T dx d Introducing B. C. 1 you find A1 ? 0 and B. C. 2 x ? ? cosh( ) ? ? q L A2=- T ? 1 ? ? d ?a ? sinh((m ? 2a) / 2L) ? cosh((m ? 2a) / 2L) ? ?L ? So finally, x ? ? cosh( ) ? ? qT L ?T (x) ? ?1 ? ? d ?a ? sinh((m ? 2a) / 2L) ? cosh((m ? 2a) / 2L) ? ?L ? b) Neutron current density at the blade surface, d? L J @(m/2)-a ? ? D T ? d dx @(m/2)-a ? coth((m ? 2a) / 2L) L Let ‘s follow the instructions in the question Multiply the n. current density by the area of the blades in the cell†¦ –What is the area of the blades in the cell: From fig 7. 9,assume unit depth into the page so the cross sectional area of one of four blades, A=(l-a) ? 1 Divide by the total number of neutrons thermalizing per second in the cell —What is the volume of the cell: From fig 7. 9,assume unit depth into t he page so V=(m-2a) ? (m ? 2a) ? 1 So as in page 358 4(l ? a) 1 fR ? 2 (m ? 2a) d ? coth((m ? 2a) / 2L) L 7. 25 You should find the B-10 average atom density in the reactor Total mass of B-10=50rods ? 500g=25 ? 103g 25e3 N? ? 0. 6022e24 ? 1. 39e27atoms 10. 8 Atom density averaged over whole reactor volume, 1. 39e27 NB ? ? 2. e21 atoms/cm3 ? ? aB ? 2. 9e21? 0. 27b ? 7. 8e ? 4cm ? 1 4 ?(48. 5)3 3 7. 8e ? 4 ? use eq. 7. 62 then find,? w ? ? 0. 0938 ? 9. 4% 0. 00833 ? 0. 000019 7. 27 H ? 100cm and ? ? 0. [email  protected] x ? H a) For x ? 3H / 4 ? 75cm 1 ?x ? ? Sin(2? x / H ) ? ? (3H / 4) ? ?0. 4545$ ? H 2? ? so the positive reactivity insertion is -0. 4545$-(-0. 5$)=0. 04545$ ( x) ? ( H ) ? b) The rate of reactivity per cm can be found by differentiating the reactivity equation over the distance. ?1 1 ? d ( x) d ? 1 ?x ? ? ( H ) ? ? Sin(2? x / H ) ? ? ? ( H ) ? ? Cos(2? x / H ) ? dx dx ? ?H H ? ? H 2? ? d ( x) ? 0. 005$ / cm ? 0. cent / cm dx x ? 3H / 4 7. 31 There is a de crease in T so let’s examine the effects of sign of temperature coefficients, If ? T ? (? ) decrease in T ? decrease in k ? reduces P ? gives further dec. in k ? shut down(unstable) If ? T ? (? ) decrease in T ? increase in k ? increase in P ? inc. in T and finally reactor returns to its original state! (stable) 7. 33 ? N FVF I ? p ? exp ? ? ? ? ? M ? sM VM ? I: Resonance Integral ? sM : Scattering Cross-Section of Moderator ? M : Constant 2a ? 1. 5 ? a ? 0. 75 (rod radius) dI I (300 K ) ? 1 ? ? I (T ) ? I (300 K )(1 ? ?1 ( T ? T0 )) dT 2T I (T ) ? ? ? sM ? M VM ln p N FVF T ? T0 ?I (T ) ? I (T0 ) ? ?k ln 0. 912 ? 0. 0921k where k ? ? sM ? M VM N FVF For slightly enriched uranium dioxide reactor take ? ? 10. 5 g / cm3 (See Chapter 6). ?1 ? A? ? C? / a? where A? ? 61? 10? 4 and C? ? 2. 68 ? 10? 2 (Table 7. 4) ? ?1 ? 0. 009503 T ? 665? C (? 938K ) ? I (T ) ? I (T0 )(1 ? 13. 31* ? 1 ) ? 1. 1264I (T0 ) ? I (T ) ? 0. 0921? 1. 1264 ? k ? 0. 1037k ?1 ? ?k ? [email  protected] 665o C ? exp ? ? I (T ) ? ? exp ? ? 0. 1037 ? ? 0. 9014 ? k ? ?k ? 7. 34 70 F ? 210C 550 F ? 287 0C d ? ?T ? ? ? ? (287 ? 21) ? ?2 ? 10? 5 0C dT ? T where ? =0. 0065 ?1 ? ? 5. 32e ? 3 ? ?0. 532% ? ?0. 81$ 7. 37 First you should solve problem 7. 6 to find the fraction of expelled water, 575F ? 301 0 C 585F ? 307 C 0 Vvessel ? 6 0 C increase in T ?D 2 ? ? 6. 5m3 ? Vwater ? v 0 ? 3. 25m3 4 ?v ? ? v ? T ? ?v ? 3. 25m3 ? 3e ? 3 ? 6 0 C ? 5. 85e ? 2m3 v0 ?v ? 0. 018 v0 Then find f after expelling, k ? ,0 ? pf 0 ,critical state k ? ,1 ? pf1 ,original state k ? ,1 ? 1 k ? ,1 ? k ? ,1 ? k ? ,0 k ? ,1 ? pf1 ? pf 0 f ? 1? 0 pf1 f1 ? a1F ?a 0 F f0 ? and we know ? a1F =0. 95 ? a 0 F and finally, F M F M ? a1 ? ? a ?a 0 ? ?a f1 ? f0 1 0. 95? a 0 F ? ? a M 1? ? 1? ( ) f1 0. 95 ? a 0 F ? ? a M f0 ? ?a F ?a F ? ?a M f? in here f 0 ? 0. 682 so ?a F ? a F ? 1 ? ?)? a M ?a M 1 ? ? 1 ?a F f0 so f? 1 1 1 ? 0. 0982 ? ( ? 1) f0 ? 0. 956 f-f 0 ? 0. 287 f 0. 287 Finally, ? T (f ) ? ? 0 ? 0. 0478per 0 C ?T 6C Then = LAMARSH SOLUTIONS CHAPTER-7 PART-4 7. 39 The reactivity equivalent of equilibrium xenon is to be; ? ? I ? ? X ? T where ? X ? 0. 770 ? 1013 / cm2 ? sec and ? X ? 0. 00237 and ? I ? 0. 0639 ? p? ?X ? ?T ? ? 2. 42 and p ? ? ? 1 0 -0. 005 reactivity -0. 01 -0. 015 -0. 02 X: 4. 8 Y: -0. 02695 -0. 025 -0. 03 0 0. 5 1 1. 5 Note the convergence †¦.. 2 2. 5 3 thermal flux x 1e14 3. 5 4 4. 5 5 7. 42 For Xenon using eq. 7. 94 X? ? (? I ? ? X )? f ? T ?X ? ? aX ? T here ? I ? 6. 39e ? 2 and ? X ? 2. 37e ? 3 (from table 7. 5) ? X ? 2. 09e ? 5 (from table 7. 6) You should make a correction to the thermal absorption cross section as follows, ? 20 0. 5 ) 2 200 ? aX (200? C ) ? 0. 886 ? 1. 236 ? 2. 65e6 ? 1e ? 24 ? 0. 316 ? a,X ? ? g aXe (200 0C ) ? ? a,X (20 0C ) ? ( ? aX (200? C ) ? 9. 17e ? 19cm 2 ? 9. 17e5b finally, X? ? 0. 06627 ? ? f ? 1e13 2. 09e ? 5 ? 9. 17e5b ? 1e13 For Samarium using eq. 7. 94 S? ? ? P ?f ? aX where ? P ? 0. 01071 ? 20 0. 5 ) 2 200 ? aX (200? C ) ? 0. 886 ? 2. 093 ? 41e3 ? 1e ? 24 ? 0. 316 ? a,S ? S ? g a (200 0C ) ? ? a,S (20 0C ) ? ( ? aX (200? C ) ? 2. 9e4b finally, S? ? 0. 01071 ?f 2. 39e4b Note:When finding fission cross sections you should find the atom density of uranium 235 for this infinite thermal reactor. To do this ,refer to example 6. 5 on page 294 taking buckling zero and find a relation between moderator number density and fuel density. 7. 43 Using eq. 7. 98 0. 06627 1e13 ? 2. 42 1e13 ? 0. 773e13 where p=? =1 0. 01071 2. 42 ? Xe ? ? ? Sm 7. 44 First of all, we must write the rate equations for each element; dN Sm ? Sm N Sm ? ? a Sm N Sm? T ? ? Sm ? f ? T dt dN Eu ? ? Sm N Sm ? ? Eu N Eu ? ? a Eu N Eu? T dt dN Gd ? ? Eu N Eu ? ? a Gd N Gd? T dt ) For equilibrium reactivity; N (t ) ? N (t ? dt ) ? Xi Xi and ignore ? a Sm N Sm? T & ? a Eu N Eu? T Inserted into all rate equations; N Sm ? Sm ? f ? T ? ? Sm dN X i (t ) ?0 dt ? Sm N Sm ? ? Eu N Eu ?a N Gd Gd ? Eu N Eu ? ?T Reactivity equation is found as below; where ? a Gd / ? f p ? Sm p ? Sm ? 7 ? 10? 5 and ? ? 2. 42 and ? ? p ? 1 ? ? ? ? 2. 893 ? 10? 5 b) 157 Sm decays rapidly relative to 157 Eu and half-life of the 157 Sm is too small so, dN Sm ? 0 ? Sm N Sm ? ? Sm? f ? T ? ? Sm N Sm ? ? Sm? f ? T dt This equation is inserted into rate equation of 157 Eu and 157 Gd ; dN Eu ? ? Sm ? f ? T ? Eu N Eu dt dN Gd (t ) ? ? Eu N Eu ? ? a Gd N Gd? T dt Gd At shutdown ? N0Eu & N0 are equal to equilibrium concentration for 157 Eu and 157Gd . ? No fission & no absorption is observed. From rate equation of From rate equation of Eu ? N 157 157 Gd Eu ?N Eu ? ? Eu t 0 (t ) ? N e Gd (t ) ? N Gd 0 ? Sm ? f ? T Eu t ? e ? Eu ? Sm ? f ? T Eu ? (1 ? e t ) ? Eu From equilibrium of Gd ? N 157 Gd 0 ? Sm ? f ? ? a Gd ? Sm ? f ? Sm ? f ? T Eu ? N (t ) ? ? (1 ? e t ) ? a Gd ? Eu Gd Maximum reactivity is reached at time goes to infinity! Gd ? N max (t ? ?) ? ? Sm? f ( ? a Gd / ? f p 1 ?a ? ?T ) ? Eu Gd Sm where ? a ? ? f (1 ? ?T ? a Gd ? ? ? (1 ? ) /? ? Eu Sm Gd where ?T ? a Gd ) ? Eu ? Eu ? 1. 162 ? 10? 5 s ? ? ? ? 4. 386 ? 10? 5 ? ?0. 675cents 7. 47 a) For constant power; P ? ER ? ? fF (r , t )? T (r , t )dV V So as N decreases ,flux should increase to keep power constant, dN F (t ) ? ? N F (t )? aF ? T (t ) (1) dt P ? ER ? fF (t )? T (t ), ? fF (t ) ? N F (t )? aF N F (t )? T (t ) ? N F (0)? T (0) ? constant integrating (1) between 0,t we get, N F (t ) ? N F (0) ? ? N F (0)? aF ? T (0)t ? N F (t ) ? N F (0)[1 ? ? aF ? T (0)t ] b) P ? ER ? fF (t )? T (t ) ?T (t ) ? P ER? fF 1 P 1 ? N F (t ) ER? fF N F (0)[1 ? ? aF ? T (0)t ]

Labor Disputes Essay

â€Å"Labor Disputes† includes any controversy or matter concerning terms or conditions of employment or the association or representation of persons in negotiating, fixing, maintaining, changing or arranging the terms and d conditions of employment, regardless or whether the disputants stand in the proximate relation of employer and employee. (Art. 212) Remedies in Labor Disputes A.Grievance Procedure—in-house adjustment of complaint, problem, or dispute following the steps prescribed in CBA or company policy. B.Conciliation (literally means â€Å"to draw together†) – a process where a disinterested third party meets with management and labor, at their request or otherwise, during a labor dispute or in collective bargaining conferences, and, by cooling tempers, aids in reaching an agreement. C.Mediation (literally means â€Å"to be in the middle†) – a third party studies each side of the dispute then makes proposal for the disputants to consider. But a mediator, like a conciliator, cannot render an award or render a decision; they do not adjudicate. Conciliation and mediation, usually combined, are done primarily by â€Å"Conciliators-Mediators† of the National Conciliation and Mediation Board. D.Enforcement or compliance order – an act of the Secretary of Labor (through Regional Director or the representative) in the exercise of his visitorial or administrative authority to enforce labor laws, policies, plans, or programs, or rules and regulations (Art. 128). E.Certification of bargaining representatives – determination of which contending unions shall represent employees in collective bargaining. This is handling by â€Å"Med-Arbiters† of DOLE Regional Offices after certification of consent elections. F.Arbitration – the submission of a dispute to an impartial person for determination on the basis of evidence and arguments of the parties. Arbitration, unlike conciliation or mediation, is adjudication and the arbitrator’s decision or award is enforceable upon the disputants. A dispute pending in arbitration cannot be a ground for strike or lockout; to do so will be a sabotage of the arbitration process. Section 3. Article 211 of the same Code, as amended by Executive Order No. 111, is hereby further amended to read as follows: â€Å"Article 211. Declaration of policy. – A. It is the policy of the State: â€Å"(a) To promote and emphasize the primacy of free collective bargaining and negotiations, including voluntary arbitration, mediation and conciliation, as modes of settling labor or industrial disputes; â€Å"(b) To promote free trade unionism as an instrument for the enhancement of democracy and the promotion of social justice and development; â€Å"(c) To foster the free and voluntary organization of a strong and united labor movement; â€Å"(d) To promote the enlightenment of workers concerning their rights and obligations as union members and as employees; â€Å"(e) To provide adequate administrative machinery for the expeditious settlement of labor or industrial disputes; â€Å"(f) To ensure a stable but dynamic and just industrial peace; and â€Å"(g) To ensure the participation of workers in decision and policy-making processes affecting their rights, duties and welfare. â€Å" B. To encourage a truly democratic method of regulating the relations between the employers and employees by means of agreements freely entered into through collective bargaining, no court or administrative agency or official shall have the power to set or fix wages, rates of pay, hours of work or other terms and conditions of employment, except as otherwise provided under this Code.† Sec. 4. Article 212 of the Labor Code of the Philippines, as amended, is further amended to read as follows: â€Å"Article 212. Definitions. – (a) â€Å"Commission† means the National Labor Relations Commission or any of its divisions, as the case may be, as provided under this Code. â€Å"(b) â€Å"Bureau† means the Bureau of Labor Relations and/or the Labor Relations Divisions in the regional offices established under Presidential Decree No. 1, in the Department Labor. â€Å"(c) â€Å"Board† means the National Conciliation and Mediation Board established under Exec utive Order No. 126. â€Å"(d) â€Å"Council† means the Tripartite Voluntary Arbitration Advisory Council established under Executive Order No. 126, as amended. â€Å" (e) â€Å"Employer† includes any person acting in the interest of an employer, directly or indirectly. The term shall not include any labor organization or any of its officers or agents except when acting as employer. â€Å"(f) â€Å"Employee† includes any person in the employ of an employer. The term shall not be limited to the employees of a particular employer, unless this Code so explicitly states. It shall include any individual whose work has ceased as a result of or in connection with any current labor dispute or because of any unfair labor practice if he has not obtained any other substantially equivalent and regular employment. â€Å"(g) â€Å"Labor organization† means any union or association of employees which exists in whole or in part for the purpose of collective bargaining or of dealing with employers concerning terms and conditions of employment. â€Å"(h) â€Å"Legitimate labor organization† means any labor organization duly registered with the Department of Labor and Employment, and includes any branch or local thereof. â€Å" (i) â€Å"Company union† means any labor organization whose information, function or administration has been assisted by any act defined as unfair labor practice by this Code. â€Å"(j) â€Å"Bargaining representative† means a legitimate labor organization or any officer or agent of such organization whether or not employed by the employer. â€Å"(k) â€Å"Unfair labor practice† means any unfair labor practice as expressly defined by this Code. â€Å"(l) â€Å"Labor dispute† includes any controversy or matter concerning terms or conditions of employment or the association or representation of persons in negotiating, fixing, maintaining, changing or arranging the terms and conditions of employment, regardless of whether, the disputants stand in the proximate relation of employer and employee. â€Å" (m) â€Å"Managerial employee† is one who is vested with powers or prerogatives to lay down and execute management policies and/or to hire, transfer, suspend, lay-off, recall, discharge, assign or discipline employees. Supervisory employees are those who, in the interest of the employer, effectively recommend such managerial actions if the exercise of such authority is not merely routinary or clerical in nature but requires the use of independent judgment. All employees not falling within any of the above definitions are considered rank-and-file employees for purposes of this Book. â€Å" (n) â€Å"Voluntary Arbitrator† means any person accredited by the Board as such, or any person named or designated in the collective bargaining agreement by the parties to act as their voluntary arbitrator, or one chosen, with or without the assistance of the National Conciliation and Mediation Board, pursuant to a selection procedure agreed upon in the collective bargaining agreement, or any official that may be authorized by the Secretary of Labor and Employment to act as voluntary arbitrator upon the written request and agreement of the parties to a labor dispute. â€Å"(o) â€Å"Strike† means any temporary stoppage of work by the concerted action of employees as a result of an industrial or labor dispute. â€Å" (p) â€Å"Lockout† means the temporary refusal of an employer to furnish work as a result of an industrial or labor dispute. â€Å"(q) â€Å"Internal union dispute† includes all disputes or grievances arising from any violation of or disagreement over any provision of the constitution and by-laws of a union, including, any violation of the rights and conditions of union membership provided for in this Code. â€Å" (r) â€Å"Strike-breaker† means any person who obstructs, impedes, or interferes with by force, violence, coercion, threats or intimidation any peaceful picketing by employees during any labor controversy affecting wages, hours or conditions of work or in the exercise of the right of self-organization or collective bargaining. â€Å"(s) â€Å"Strike area† means the establishment, warehouses, depots, plants or offices, including the sites or premises used as runaway shops, of the employer struck against, as well as the immediate vicinity actually used by picketing strikers in moving to and fro before all points of entrance to and exit from said establishment.†

Love Issues in Death of a Salesman Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

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Minoans and Mycenaean Culture Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Minoans and Mycenaean Culture - Research Paper Example The island of Crete was home to the Minoans while Mainland Greece for the Mycenaeans. Also, though there is no written record, Minoans and Mycenaeans are believed to speak Greek. Geographically speaking, we come to understand that Minoans had more advantage geographically as Crete soil is very fertile that spurred growth of affluent population. This pushed the Minoans to develop the first civilization in Europe which was a sort of imitation of the Egyptian culture. However, because of the increasing standard of living they had, they out grew their limited resources and had Mycenaean culture lord over them when their economic and political system started crumbling down ("Minoan Culture and the Mycenaeans." N.p., n.d). The Mycenaeans, according to many scholars became more advanced and knowledgeable than the Minoans when it comes to infrastructure and livelihood. They were able to develop roads first, as they did not seem to have ridden on horses as they were small. However, there were some inventories found in their palace ruins that proved their use of chariots at their time. Aside from that, the Mycenaeans also showed more prowess in weaponry as there were a lot of information drawn from symbols, though are still subject to interpretation, that conveyed this culture to having what we call today swords and daggers. Because of this, Mycenaeans were deemed as more powerful than the Minoans that led the latter to take over the Minoan culture. The cities that Mycenaeans developed were even called warlord cities because their society was primarily geared towards battle and invasion (Minoan and Mycenaean Cultures. N.p, n.d). Architecture has always been a strong point for both cultures as they developed sophisticated architecture alike. This is their way of expending their wealth. Both had a royal class especially the Mycenaeans which drew a strong line between the poor and the rich as the skeletal remains found by archeologists proved that people who belonged to the higher class had taller and stronger bones as opposed to the lower class people that suggest the disparity between the wealthy and the poor in terms of nutrition. There is little known about both civilizations’ religion except from the images that is reflected in their art. Speaking of art, Mycenaeans were very much influenced by the kind of mindset they were born to uphold and their culture. Thus, one would be able to see imminently how their art is skewed to portray snapshots of warfare and hunting. On the other hand, Minoan art is more concerned with the fond inclination of everyday life. Enormous quantities of pottery throughout the Eastern Mediterranean directed scholars to learning about these early civilizations. When it comes to producing wealth, Minoans and Mycenaeans were alike as both were very interested in goods and were good at trading through bartering raw goods, though it was the Minoans who first were heavily engaged in trade oversees, mainly to obtain metal s such as tin and copper to produce bronze that was triggered by their need to produce more resources that has been limited in Crete ("Minoan Culture and the Mycenaeans." N.p., n.d). Minoans were also mercantile people where their ships have taken the function of both trader and fighter at the same time. Both their knowledge in trading was hugely caused by the fact that both cultures were able to develop a writing system that made business dealings easier, though

ITunes price changes hurt some rankings Assignment

ITunes price changes hurt some rankings - Assignment Example The article points out that two days after Apple iTunes Music store raised its prices on some individuals tracks, the sales dipped and with that the rankings of the songs. The iTunes top 100 chart registered 40 songs at $1.29 and 60 songs at the normal $0.99 price point. After the price change, the $1.29 songs lost 5.3 places on the chart while the $0.99 songs gained an average 2.5 chart positions. These changes give a general idea of how incremental changes in revenue can be reached. Moving up and down the chart impacts the revenue greatly which in turn is impacted by price changes. These changes are solely chart position, but a general idea of incremental changes in revenue can be reached. By looking at the unit sales of the most recent Soundscan top track downloads chart, the different between chart positions can offer a view into how moving up and down the chart impacts revenue. An assumption here is that the iTunes Top 100 chart is representative of the Soundscan top track downl oads chart. Given its market dominance, this is a reasonable assumption. I chose this article because it gives a good idea of how small changes in price can turn around Sales. A significant notion raised by this article is the way in which how prices alter the rankings of songs in the music industry. The prices change the rankings and the rankings which in turn impact sales and revenue. This article relates to chapter nine of our text book in which key issues related to initiating and responding to price changes are discussed. Buyer reaction to price changes are a result of the value the customers see in the price change. (Glenn Peoples) Works Cited Glenn Peoples, Nashville. How iTunes Price Changes Hurt Some Rankings. 10 April 2009. 19 May 2011 . Article: 7 in 10 Americans say High gas prices hurt This article is related to a recent chapter that we covered from our text book. Customers don’t react to price changes in a very straight forward way. A price increase is expected to lower sales. This is because a brand’s price and its image are closely tied together. Price changes will alter consumer perception about a particular product and the way they want to consume it. Thus price is a very critical factor. I chose this article because it offers insight into how price changes in a mandatory commodity such as gas influences the common man. The survey was conducted by USA today in which they asked people if recent changes in prices of gasoline have impacted them financially. 7 in 10 Americans believed it did. More than half of them claimed that they have had to make changes to account for higher prices of gasoline. 21% of them felt the impact so heavily that they believed it jeopardized their standard of living. (Stauss) Stauss, Gary. 7 in 10 Americans say high gas prices hurt . 18 May 2011. 19 May 2011 . Article: Apple and Starbucks announce music partnership The article talks of the Apple and Starbucks music partnership. Under this partnership, cu stomers at Starbucks will be able to wirelessly browse, look around for music, buy and download music from the iTunes Wi-Fi Music Store at Starbucks on their iPod touch, iphone, Mac or PCs running iTunes in a participating location. They will also be available to avail the new â€Å"Now Playing† service under which the name of the song playing in the Starbucks store at that particular moment will be shown. They will then be able to buy and download songs directly to their device. The partnership will benefit both Apple and Starbucks and is a classic example of horizontal marketing. I selected this article because I felt that having free access to the iTunes Wi-Fi Music store and the Now Playing service of Starbucks is a great ways to attract customers to both Starbucks and Apple iTunes. It will trigger greater revenues for both companies. This